[20], Exeter made for Port Stanley for emergency repairs which took until January 1940. [55], The Japanese began launching torpedoes beginning at 17:20 at ranges of 10,000 to 18,500 yards (9,100 to 16,900 m), but they all missed. HMS Exeter, 6th Battle Honour, Sunda Strait 1942. She was damaged in an explosion in 1691 and was hulked. HMS Exeter (68) was a York-class heavy cruiser launched in 1929. … Beckett was appointed to relieve Bell on 12 December 1940. The New Zealand contingent joined British forces aboard the HMS Achilles, the HMS Exeter and HMS Ajax on the mission. [59] Encounter and Pope were also lost; Encounter approximately fifteen minutes after Exeter, while Pope temporarily survived the initial melee, only to be sunk by several B5Ns a couple of hours later. The ship was then assigned to the 2nd Cruiser Squadron of the Atlantic Fleet, where she served between 1931 and 1933. HMS Exeter was the second and last York-class heavy cruiser built for the Royal Navy during the late 1920s. HMS Exeter was involved in one of the most significant sea battles of the 2nd World War, The Battle of the River Plate. We did our working up trials near the Denmark Straits while keeping an eye open for the 'Bismark' . [19], The ship was hit by a total of seven 283 mm shells that killed 61 of her crew and wounded another 23. Two others were seen closing in, and both launched their aircraft before opening fire at about 09:30. Our crew have joined up to have a Standard made with all of the Battle honours of both HMS Exeter’s. [44] After they had arrived the following day, Doorman's entire force of five cruisers and nine destroyers departed Surabaya at 18:30 to patrol off Eastern Java in hopes of intercepting the oncoming invasion convoy which had been spotted earlier that morning. [58] Now defenseless[62] as no guns could train or traverse, and wanting to save as many lives as he could, and to avoid the ships 'capture' by the Japanese forces, Captain Gordon ordered the ship to be scuttled. "A" and "B" were superfiring forward of the superstructure and "Y" was aft of it. [39] During this time, in early 1942, Exeter was attached to the newly formed ABDA Command,[28] (American-British-Dutch-Australian Command) which came into being in early January in Singapore, but soon shifted its headquarters to Java in the Dutch East Indies (present day Indonesia). After her repairs were completed, the ship spent most of 1941 on convoy escort duties before she was transferred to the Far East after the start of the Pacific War in December. Many thanks for a superb tour. She was burned as unseaworthy in 1784. Bell was educated at the Royal Naval Colleges at Dartmouth, Osborne, Isle of Wight and the Royal Navy Staff College at Greenwich. HMS Exeter. Five ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Exeter after the city of Exeter in Devon. [30] On that day Exeter departed Aden for Colombo, British Ceylon) via Bombay, British India arriving on 24 October. ABOUKIR, cruiser, … [48] All of these torpedoes failed to damage their targets, although one torpedo hit Exeter and failed to detonate at 16:35. The first was a group of seven Nakajima B5N "Kate" torpedo bombers from the light carrier Ryūjō that attacked Exeter with bombs around 10:30. SG 307 2p HMS ExeterIV 8 x 6 Light Cruiser. ABERCROMBIE, monitor, Dardanelles 1915/16. (Note 2) Battle Honours: River Plate 1939, Guadalcanal 1942-1943, Okinawa, 1945. The Dutch Rear Admiral Karel Doorman, commanding the force, took his ships through the Gaspar Strait and then northwest towards Bangka Island. Tactically, the enemy appears to have made two serious mistakes: firstly, in closing the British Cruisers (apparently in the expectation that they would retire), thereby enabling the 8-inch guns of H.M.S. [14], At the outbreak of the Second World War, she formed part of the South American Division with the heavy cruiser Cumberland, under Commodore Henry Harwood. This is an introduction to the first major sea battle of World War 2 using the highly readable and frankly thrilling London Gazette despatch, penned by Rear Admiral Harwood who was on the bridge of HMS Ajax throughout the action. . [32], Upon return to Trincomalee (Ceylon) from the Maldives on 14 November, Exeter then departed for Calcutta on the 16th to cover a small two-ship convoy that left Calcutta for Rangoon (Burma) on the 26th and 27th. [65] Sensing a kill the Japanese destroyers closed in and fired torpedoes, two of which (out of a total of 18 fired by Japanese combatants) from the destroyer Inazuma,[66] hit the ship – starboard amidships, and starboard just forward of A Turret – (as confirmed when the wreck was first discovered in 2007)[67] As a result Exeter rapidly righted herself,[65] paused briefly, and then capsized to starboard. Exeter arrived at Singapore during the afternoon of 10 December,[35] too late to support Repulse and Prince of Wales as they had both been sunk earlier that day,[36] but some of the survivors from these two ships were treated in Exeter's sick bay.[37]. After eight salvos from Exeter, Admiral Graf Spee scored a direct hit on 'B' turret that knocked it out of action and shrapnel from the hit killed all of the bridge personnel except three. We have dedicated pages to the history of the ships, if you have any content to add, please let us know. [12], Exeter, the fourth ship of her name to serve in the Royal Navy,[13] was laid down on 1 August 1928, launched on 18 July 1929 and completed on 27 July 1931. [42] The attacks continued as 27 G3Ms of the Mihoro Air Group then bombed from high altitude. 5) HMS Exeter, 6th Battle Honour, Sunda Strait 1942 1 Arising from correspondence with the Chairman of the River Plate Veterans during 1980/81, the Admiralty Board has awarded the Battle Honour 'Sunda Strait 1942' to HMS Exeter commemorating her final action during the morning of1 March 1942. About a quarter of them died during Japanese captivity. Langsdorff opened fire on Exeter at 06:18 with high-explosive shells and she returned fire two minutes later at a range of 18,700 yards (17,100 m). 1st Commission Certificates; 1st Commission Photographs; 1st Commission Concert Party ... Ted Wicks & John Garrard HMS Ajax & Basil Trott & Jim London HMS Exeter. The lower deck over the machinery spaces and steering gear had a thickness of 1.5 inches (38 mm). HMS Exeter was a York class heavy cruiser launched in 1929. The blast from a near miss badly damaged her Walrus, but the ship was only damaged by shrapnel. Winston Churchill greets the HMS Exeter on its return after the Battle of the River Plate. The ships also fitted with two triple torpedo tube above-water mounts for 21-inch (533 mm) torpedoes. Exeter henceforth became attached to the East Indies Squadron[28] (later redesignated as the Far East Fleet). Another group of six B5Ns attacked without effect at 11:30. HMS Exeter (D89) was a Type 42 destroyer, launched in 1979. Doorman ordered a return to Surabaya at 10:30, and his ships were attacked by eight bombers from the Kanoya Air Group at 14:37. HMS Exeter (1763) was a 64-gun third-rate launched in 1763. [58] The Allied ships laid smoke and turned away to the east with the Japanese to their north and south. From Admiral Harwood’s post action report as seen by the British War Cabinet: 2. Stoker 2nd Class . HMS Exeter . The U-boat War in World War Two (Kriegsmarine, 1939-1945) and World War One (Kaiserliche Marine, 1914-1918) and the Allied efforts to counter the threat. The HMS Exeter is one of the best known British warships of the Second World War. Most of her crewmen survived the sinking and were rescued by the Japanese. Exeter then stayed on escort duty in the Indian Ocean (primarily off the coast of Africa)[29] and the northern Arabian Sea (where she visited Bombay, India) until 13 October. The Exeter and the Australian light cruiser Perth, escorted by three British destroyers, Jupiter, Encounter, and Electra, set sail at once, leaving behind one Australian cruiser and two destroyers that were short of fuel. Between 1931–1935 assigned to the Atlantic Fleet then between 1935–1939 severed in the Mediterranean Sea. She fought at the River Plate in 1939, and was sunk at the Battle of the Java Sea in 1942. [15] The two other ships arrived on 12 December, and then the Admiral Graf Spee spotted the Exeter during the following morning. Exeter is the fifth ship to bear the name in the Royal Navy. They departed on the evening of 28 February, but they were intercepted by the Japanese heavy cruisers Nachi, Haguro, Myōkō, and Ashigara, and by the destroyers Akebono, Inazuma, Yamakaze, and Kawakaze on the morning of 1 March. HMS Exeter's History & Battle Honours. HMS Exeter (1697) was a 60-gun fourth-rate launched in 1697. HONOURS AWARDED TO INDIVIDUAL SHIPS (including single ship actions) ABDIEL, destroyer leader, Jutland 31 May 1916. The turbines developed a total of 80,000 shaft horsepower (60,000 kW) and gave a maximum speed of 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph). Battle Honours: River Plate 1939, Malaya 1942, Sunda Strait 1942 . His replacement was Captain Oliver Gordon. Roll of Honour . ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->. Following this procedure, Exeter operated as a division on her own while Achilles and Ajax formed the other, splitting the fire of the German ship. Her beam was increased by one foot (30 cm) to compensate for increases in topweight, and her boiler uptakes were trunked backwards from the boiler rooms, allowing for straight funnels further removed from the bridge rather than the raked funnels on York to ensure adequate dispersal of the flue gases. He was in service during the Battle of the Rio de la Plata (that is the way crew members of the HMS Exeter referred to what I see written in English as the River Plate, and sometimes erroneously as other names). [69] The wreck was lying in Indonesian waters at a depth of about 200 feet (61 m), 90 miles (140 km) north-west of Bawean Island – some 60 miles (97 km) from the estimated sinking position given by Gordon after the war. Honours and awards: River Plate 1939: Fate: Sold to Indian Navy 5 July 1948: New Zealand; Name: HMNZS Achilles: Commissioned: 1 October 1941: Decommissioned: 17 September 1946: Identification: Pennant number: 70: Honours and awards: Guadalcanal 1942-43, Okinawa 1945: Fate: Returned to Royal Navy 17 September 1946: General characteristics ; Class and type: Exeter was one of three British cruisers that fought the German pocket battleship, the Admiral Graf Spee, later that year in the Battle of the River Plate. The culmination of this was her engagement in the Battle of the Java Sea later in the month as the Allies attempted to intercept several Imperial Japanese Navy invasion convoys. Doorman's repeated, unsuccessful, and ultimately fatal attempts to reach the transports concentrated the Japanese on the task of protecting the transports and allowed the damaged British cruiser to reach harbour. Aside from a temporary deployment with the Mediterranean Fleet during the Abyssinia Crisis of 1935–36, she spent the bulk of the 1930s assigned to the Atlantic Fleet or the North America and West Indies Station. Marine (Royal Marines) Binns, William H. [7] During that same refit, her pair of fixed catapults were finally installed for her Fairey IIIF floatplanes. [18] The turret was repaired and she remained in action until flooding disabled the machinery for "Y" turret at 07:30. [49] Three minutes later, Haguro changed the course of the battle when one of her shells penetrated the British ship's starboard aft twin four-inch gun mount before detonating in the 'B'[50] or aft boiler room,[51] knocking six of her boilers off-line[49] and killing 14 of her crew. The ship, commanded by Captain Frederick Bell, was assigned to Force G to hunt for German commerce raiders off the eastern coast of South America on 6 October 1939. HMS Exeter fought in the Falklands War … [41], The repeated aerial attacks persuaded Doorman that further progress was unwise in the face of Japanese aerial supremacy and he ordered his ships to reverse course and head for Tanjung Priok at 12:42. [45] His own ships were located at 09:35 on the following morning, 27 February, and were continuously tracked by the Japanese. The wrecks of DE RUYTER and JAVA have seemingly gone also while piece is also missing of KORTENAER. [52] Moments later a torpedo fired from Haguro stuck the Dutch destroyer Kortenaer, breaking her in half and sinking her almost immediately. At first they had been able to damage the German ship, but when it moored in Uruguay to review and repair its damage, the Germans spent four days in the port providing the Allies with an opportunity to continue the attack. [53] Perth laid a smoke screen to protect Exeter[54] and the Allied ships sorted themselves into separate groups as they attempted to disengage. [1], Exeter was slightly lighter than expected and displaced 8,390 long tons (8,520 t) at standard load and 10,620 long tons (10,790 t) at deep load. HMS Cumberland was a County-class heavy cruiser of the Royal Navy that saw action during the Second World War. Battle Honours are the UK’s leading company offering award winning walking battlefield tours, with the ability and experience to arrange tours for groups of all sizes. Ajax and Battle Honours; Previous Ajax; HMS Ajax V11 Cruiser; Ajax Crew & Casualties; 1st Commission. They knocked out 'A' turret, started a fire amidships that damaged the ship's fire-control and navigation circuits, and caused a seven-degree list with flooding. The wrecks of EXETER and the destroyer ENCOUNTER have been almost totally removed. [63][64] As a result, Exeter began listing over to port, and that list was said to be at "a considerable angle" by the time the abandonment was completed. [47] His heavy cruisers opened fire at long range at 15:47 with little effect. [17], At 06:30, Langsdorff switched his fire to the light cruisers, but only inflicted shrapnel damage on them before some of Exeter's torpedoes forced him to turn away at 06:37 to evade them. Two days later, she attempted to escape approaching Japanese forces, but she was intercepted and sunk by Japanese ships at the beginning of March in the Second Battle of the Java Sea. The final attack was made by 17 Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" bombers of the Kanoya Air Group shortly before dark. Exeter thus returned to Colombo the next day (11 December)[33] and spent the next two months – until almost mid-February 1942 – escorting convoys (primarily from Bombay and Colombo)[38] bound for Singapore – which fell to the Japanese on 15 February. [43], On 25 February, Helfrich ordered all available warships to join Doorman's Eastern Striking Force at Surabaya. Upon returning to the fleet, Exeter primarily spent time on ‘working up' exercises,[24] however she also conducted several patrols in northern waters, one on which she stopped in Iceland to refuel. [11] She was repaired and modernised at HM Dockyard, Devonport between 14 February 1940 and 10 March 1941;[21] Captain W.N.T. However, during that convoy, on 8 December, Exeter was ordered to urgently proceed to Singapore[34] to reinforce Force Z, as the Pacific War had just begun. The Japanese attacks were almost entirely ineffectual, with no ship reporting anything more than shrapnel damage. Five ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Exeter after the city of Exeter in Devon. "EXETER" BIDEFORD PETTY OFFICER Among those reported wounded on H.M.S. 1929 – 1942. [46], Aware of Doorman's movements, the Japanese commander, Rear Admiral Takeo Takagi, detached the convoy's two escorting destroyer flotillas, each consisting of a light cruiser and seven destroyers, to intercept the Allied ships in conjunction with his own pair of heavy cruisers (Nachi and Haguro) which were escorted by a pair of destroyers. Slide title. … This month we take a look into Archive and Library item MSS/75/130/2 concerning Captain Frederick Secker Bell (1897-1973). The transverse bulkheads at the end of her propulsion machinery rooms were 3.5 inches (89 mm) thick. The top of the magazines were protected by 5.5 inches (140 mm) of armour and their ends were 4.375 inches (111 mm) thick. Then, on 10 March 1941, the very day that Exeter was due to be recommissioned, Beckett died at Saltash Hospital from complications following exploratory surgery to repair poison gas injuries that he had received earlier in his career. Button. On 13 February, Allied reconnaissance aircraft spotted Japanese invasion convoys north of Bangka Island and the new commander of ABDA naval forces, Vice Admiral Conrad Helfrich of the Royal Netherlands Navy, was ordered to assemble the Allied Striking Force of Exeter and three Dutch and one Australian light cruisers at Oosthaven on the morning of 14 February. "Exeter" in the outstandingly successful naval battle of three British cruisers against the German "pocket" battleship "Admiral Graf Spec," in which the "Exeter" played such a gallant part, is Petty Officer W. E. Green, of Florencia, Clovelly Road, Bideford, and son-in-law of Mr. and Mrs. John Headon, … She was broken up in 1717. In the Falklands conflict, under the command of Captain Hugh Balfour, she served with distinction, being involved in air defence of the Task Force and gaining battle honours. Casualties from the sinking during the Battle off Bawean Island. [citation needed], The wreck was located and positively identified by a small group of dedicated exploration divers specifically searching for the wreck aboard MV Empress on 21 February 2007. The third HMS Exeter was responsible for four Battle Honours in 1782 at Sadras, Providien, Negapatam and Trincomalee. [22], The junior officers on board during the action included Rodney Sturdee, later a rear admiral.[23]. The pole masts were replaced by stronger tripod masts because the Type 279 early-warning radar had separate transmitting and receiving aerials, one at each masthead. [10] Enclosures ("tubs") for single 20-millimetre (0.8 in) Oerlikon guns were added to the roof of both 'B' and 'Y' turrets,[11] but these weapons were never installed, because of shortages in production, and lighter tripod-mounted machine guns were substituted. Harwood ordered Bell to head to the Falklands for repair. Honours have also been added from the London Gazette, together with the casualty lists compiled by Don Kindell. Bell, wounded in the face, transferred to the aft conning position to continue the battle. Thus HMS EXETER, with her battle honours of River Plate 1939, Malaya 1942 and Sunda Strait 1942, is now only a memory with no final resting place. We have dedicated pages to the history of the ships, if you have any content to add, please let us know. The Corps of Drums HMS Nelson Volunteer Band. In the meanwhile, Langsdorff had switched his main guns back to the heavy cruiser and scored several more hits. [72][73], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}5°00′S 111°00′E / 5.000°S 111.000°E / -5.000; 111.000, ADM 53/114251, ADM 53/114251 + ADM 199/655, ADM 53/114252 and, ADM 199/396, ADM 53/114252, ADM 53/114253 and, Middlebrook & Mahoney, p. 268 (paperback version) in Battleship The Loss of the Prince of Wales and the Repulse, American-British-Dutch-Australian Command, "WW2 People's War – HMS Exeter- a Royal Marine's Story", "Walter Napier Thomason Beckett – The Dreadnought Project", Rear Admiral Rodney Sturdee: Flag Officer Gibraltar 1969 72, https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/1186.html, https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/1186.htm, "HMS Exeter (68) of the Royal Navy - British Heavy cruiser of the York class - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net", https://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-06CA-Exeter.htm, https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryofBritain/The-Fall-of-Singapore/, https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/the-pacific-war-1941-to-1945/the-fall-of-singapore/, https://www.pacificwrecks.com/ships/hms/exeter/research/action-report-captain-gordon.pdf, https://www.pacificwrecks.com/ships/hms/exeter/crew/george-cooper.html, "IJN Inazuma: Tabular Record of Movement", https://www.pacificwrecks.com/ships/hms/exeter.html, "Wartime Naval Legend HMS Exeter Found Off Java", "British Second World War Ships in Java Sea Destroyed by Illegal Scavenging", "Java Sea Shipwrecks of World War 2: One of the men who found them reflects on their loss – All About History", Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in March 1942, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMS_Exeter_(68)&oldid=993054927, World War II cruisers of the United Kingdom, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 8 December 2020, at 15:37. Consequently, the bridge was lowered (that of York being tall to give a view over the intended aircraft), and was of a streamlined, enclosed design that was incorporated into later cruisers. Ayre, Thomas W. Steward. Reported as missing. In 1934 she was assigned to the America and West Indies Station and remained there, aside from a temporary deployment to the Mediterranean during the Abyssinian crisis of 1935–1936, until 1939. [5] The ship's complement was 628 officers and ratings. The ship sheered out of line to avoid another torpedo and slowed, followed by all of the trailing cruisers. She served in the Falklands War and the Gulf War, and was in service until she was decommissioned on 27 May 2009. Lieutenant Commander Dave Barnes whose first ship was HMS Exeter said “Whilst serving in HMS Montrose, whose predecessor too served in the Second World War, sharing a Battle Honour with HMS Encounter for the 1939 Atlantic Campaign, and with HMS Exeter being a former ship of mine, it was particularly poignant to remember and pay our respects to those who lost their lives this evening”. [68] Of these men, 152 died in Japanese captivity. Several days later, unable to be repaired and apparently confronted by powerful Royal Navy reinforcements (including HMS Cumberland), the Admiral Graf Spee was scuttled by her captain in the harbour of Montevideo. HMS Exeter was the second and last York-class heavy cruiser built for the Royal Navy during the late 1920s. She was ordered in 1956, but cancelled in 1957. HMS Exeter was one of three Allied warships that sank the powerful German battleship Graf Spee at the Battle of the River Plate, off the Atlantic … The sides of Exeter's boiler and engine rooms and the sides of the magazines were protected by 3 inches (76 mm) of armour. [56], The following day, after making temporary repairs and refuelling, the Exeter, escorted by Encounter and the American destroyer Pope, was ordered to steam to Colombo, via the Sunda Strait. When World War II began in September 1939, the cruiser was assigned to patrol South American waters against German commerce raiders. River Plate Heroes Convalescing. My father was a seaman on the HMS Exeter between 1937 and 1940. Exeter was escorted by one Dutch and all three British destroyers in one group and the other cruisers and the American destroyers formed the other group. She was powered by four Parsons geared steam turbine sets, each driving one shaft, using provided by eight Admiralty 3-drum boilers. 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