[196] About 23.9% of them are urbanite, 71.4% live in rural areas, and the remaining 4.7% are nomadic. [308] Power is managed by the Da Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat (DABS, Afghanistan Electricity Company). Another of Zahir Shah's uncles, Shah Mahmud Khan, became Prime Minister in 1946 and began an experiment allowing greater political freedom, but reversed the policy when it went further than he expected. [190] The Afghan hound is a native breed of dog known for its fast speed and its long hair; it is relatively known in the west. [45][46], Arab Muslims brought Islam to Herat and Zaranj in 642 CE and began spreading eastward; some of the native inhabitants they encountered accepted it while others revolted. [230], Political parties played a marginal role in post-2001 Afghan politics, in part due to Karzai's opposition to them. [207] According to Pew Research Center, as much as 90% are of the Sunni denomination, 7% Shia and 3% non-denominational. [246] Its main purpose is to train the Afghan National Security Forces. [89], In September 1979, PDPA General Secretary Taraki was assassinated in an internal coup orchestrated by fellow Khalq member, then-Prime minister Hafizullah Amin, who assumed the new general secretary of the People's Democratic Party. U.S. forces quickly toppled the Taliban (the faction that ruled Afghanistan and provided sanctuary for al-Qaeda) in the first months of the war, only to face years of insurgency led by a reconstituted Taliban. [186] This was followed by the 2002 Hindu Kush earthquakes in which over 150 people were killed and over 1,000 injured. [191], Endemic fauna of Afghanistan includes the Afghan flying squirrel, Afghan snowfinch, Afghanodon (or the "Paghman mountain salamander"), Stigmella kasyi, Vulcaniella kabulensis, Afghan leopard gecko, Wheeleria parviflorellus, amongst others. [348] In spite of all this, many Afghans travel to Pakistan and India for advanced treatment. Afghanistan Military Power 2019 How Powerful is Afghanistan? [78] Khan's wife Queen Soraya Tarzi was a figure during this period. [299] The state-run Steel Authority of India won the mining rights to develop the huge Hajigak iron ore deposit in central Afghanistan. Afghanistan remained neutral during the First and Second World Wars. The French Medical Institute for Children and Indira Gandhi Children's Hospital in Kabul are the leading children's hospitals in the country. [211] There was a small Jewish community in Afghanistan who had emigrated to Israel and the United States by the end of the twentieth century; at least one Jew, Zablon Simintov, remains, who is the caretaker of the only remaining synagogue. [37][38] There are several smaller IVC colonies to be found in Afghanistan as well. The country's highest point is Noshaq, at 7,492 m (24,580 ft) above sea level. 3:19. [278] An estimated 400,000 people enter the labor market each year. [305] As of 2016, Afghanistan produces 1,400 megawatts of power, but still imports the majority of electricity via transmission lines from Iran and the Central Asian states. [245] Today, several NATO member states deploy about 17,000 troops in Afghanistan as part of the Resolute Support Mission. [160][161] Thousands of NATO troops remained in the country to train and advise Afghan government forces[162] and continue their fight against the Taliban. They were defeated and expelled by the Indo-Scythians in the late 2nd century BCE.[4][41]. Since 2006 GlobalFirepower (GFP) has provided a unique analytical display of data concerning 138 modern military powers.The GFP ranking is based on each nation's potential war-making capability across land, sea, and air fought by conventional means.The results incorporate values related to manpower, equipment, natural resources, finances, and geography represented by 50+ individual … [358] One writer considers the tribal system to be the best way of organizing large groups of people in a country that is geographically difficult, and in a society that, from a materialistic point of view, has an uncomplicated lifestyle. China wins $700 million Afghan oil and gas deal. This was a standard divide and rule policy of the British and would lead to strained relations, especially with the later new state of Pakistan. [385] By the 1920s, Radio Kabul was broadcasting local radio services. The country has more than 3,000 midwives, with an additional 300 to 400 being trained each year.[346]. This is one of the lowest figures in the world; in Asia it is only higher than Cambodia, Nepal and Sri Lanka. [226], Under the 2004 constitution, both presidential and parliamentary elections are to be held every five years. In 1978, after a second coup, Afghanistan first became a socialist state and then a Soviet protectorate, evoking the Soviet–Afghan War in the 1980s against mujahideen rebels. In April 1978, the communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) seized power in a bloody coup d'état against then-President Mohammed Daoud Khan, in what is called the Saur Revolution. Afghanistan has a wide variety of birds despite its relatively arid climate – an estimated 460 species of which 235 breed within. The country has four international airports: Hamid Karzai International Airport (formerly Kabul International Airport), Kandahar International Airport, Herat International Airport, and Mazar-e Sharif International Airport. One exception is the Kabul River which flows in an easternly direction to the Indus ending at the Indian Ocean. [258] In 2012, Afghanistan recorded 240 cases of honor killing, but the total number is believed to be much higher. Each district is represented by a district governor. By 2001 following years of civil war, telecommunications was virtually a non-existent sector, but by 2016 it had grown to a $2 billion industry, with 22 million mobile phone subscribers and 5 million internet users. This (along with other factors such as returning refugees) caused rapid population growth in the 2000s that has only recently started to slow down. It holds an observer status in SCO. By 1996, most of the country was captured by the Islamic fundamentalist Taliban, who ruled as a totalitarian regime for over five years; they were removed from power after the US invasion in 2001 but still control a significant portion of the country. The Zunbils and Kabul Shahi were first conquered in 870 CE by the Saffarid Muslims of Zaranj. The Kushans were overthrown by the Sassanids in the 3rd century CE, though the Indo-Sassanids continued to rule at least parts of the region. Afterward, the 1964 constitution was formed, and the first non-royal Prime Minister was sworn in.[82]. The Silk Road appeared during the first century BCE, and Afghanistan flourished with trade, with routes to China, India, Persia and north to the cities of Bukhara, Samarkand and Khiva in present-day Uzbekistan. [188], Several types of mammals exist throughout Afghanistan. [68] Punjab and Kashmir were lost to Ranjit Singh, who invaded Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in March 1823 and captured the city of Peshawar at the Battle of Nowshera. One of the main drivers for the current economic recovery is the return of over 5 million expatriates, who brought with them entrepreneurship and wealth-creating skills as well as much needed funds to start up businesses. Afghanistan has a continental climate with harsh winters in the central highlands, the glaciated northeast (around Nuristan), and the Wakhan Corridor, where the average temperature in January is below −15 °C (5 °F) and can reach −26 °C (−15 °F),[176] and hot summers in the low-lying areas of the Sistan Basin of the southwest, the Jalalabad basin in the east, and the Turkestan plains along the Amu River in the north, where temperatures average over 35 °C (95 °F) in July[9] and can go over 43 °C (109 °F). [180] Afghanistan receives heavy snow during the winter in the Hindu Kush and Pamir Mountains, and the melting snow in the spring season enters the rivers, lakes, and streams. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, 15th least developed country in the world, Indian Institute of Health Management Research, 2010 ICC World Cricket League Division One, Alokozay Kabul International Cricket Ground, Ghazi Amanullah Khan International Cricket Stadium, "Article Sixteen of the 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan", "South Asia :: Afghanistan – the World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency", The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, "Afghanistan: A Treasure Trove for Archaeologists", "Chronological History of Afghanistan – the cradle of Gandharan civilisation", https://unama.unmissions.org/afghanistan-and-silk-road-land-heart-world-trade-bijan-omrani, https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/countries-alongside-silk-road-routes/afghanistan, "The Geographical Part of the NUZHAT-AL-QULUB", "Richard Strand's Nuristân Site: Peoples and Languages of Nuristan", "Obama's war: Deploying 17,000 raises stakes in Afghanistan", "Chapter 200: Translation of the Introduction to Firishta's History", "A Literary History of Persia, Volume 4: Modern Times (1500–1924), Chapter IV. The Kushan emperor Kanishka, who ruled from his twin capitals of Kapiśi and Puruṣapura, played an important role in the spread of Mahayana Buddhism to China and Central Asia. Military expenditures: This entry gives spending on defense programs for the most recent year available as a percent of gross domestic product (GDP); the GDP is calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). [284] The country is known for producing pomegranates, grapes, apricots, melons, and several other fresh and dry fruits. There are a number of smaller regional languages, including Uzbek, Turkmen, Balochi, Pashayi, and Nuristani. In 2016, Afghanistan had 0.43 global hectares[303] of biocapacity per person within its territory, much less than the world average of 1.6 global hectares per person. [330] These lines are used for freight only and there is no passenger service. The team eventually made it and played in the 2015 Cricket World Cup. It was agreed that while Ghani will lead Afghanistan as the president, Abdullah will oversee the peace process with the Taliban. 1 - Global firepowerVisit the site and watch the Power of each country that is part of their index.Visit Site: https://www.globalfirepower.com2 - CIA(World Factbook)Visit the site and learn history, and watch statistics of each country in the world with great quality. Major universities outside of Kabul include Kandahar University in the south, Herat University in the northwest, Balkh University and Kunduz University in the north, Nangarhar University and Khost University in the east. The Afghan people are known to be strongly religious. Villages typically have a headman (malik), a master for water disribution (mirab) and a religious teacher (mullah). [144] Many foreign donors started providing aid and assistance to rebuild the war-torn country. [139][140] By this time, after two decades of war as well as an acute famine at the time, Afghanistan had one of the highest infant and child mortality rates in the world, the lowest life expectancy, much of the population were hungry,[141][142][143] and infrastructure was in ruins. In the semi-desert northern plains, wildlife include a variety of birds, hedgehogs, gophers, and large carnivores such as jackals and hyenas. [338] Former Education Minister Ghulam Farooq Wardak had stated that construction of 8,000 schools is required for the remaining children who are deprived of formal learning. [197] An additional 3 million or so Afghans are temporarily housed in neighboring Pakistan and Iran, most of whom were born and raised in those two countries. The National Assembly is the legislature, a bicameral body having two chambers, the House of the People and the House of Elders. Afghanistan’s months-long dispute over who won last year’s presidential election has ended after the incumbent, Ashraf Ghani, and his main challenger, Abdullah Abdullah, agreed a power … The Buddhist Turk Shahi of Kabul was replaced by a Hindu dynasty before the Saffarids conquered the area in 870, this Hindu dynasty was called Hindu Shahi. As reported in 2010, the state needs more than US$2 billion to rehabilitate its irrigation systems so that the water is properly managed.[183]. [90] Displeased with Amin's government, the Soviet Army invaded the country in December 1979, heading for Kabul and killing Amin just 3 days later. Habibullah was assassinated during a hunting trip in 1919, and Amanullah Khan eventually assumed power. Ancient cities of the Indus Valley Civilisation. Afghanistan (/æfˈɡænɪstæn, æfˈɡɑːnɪstɑːn/ (listen), also pronounced /ævˈɡænᵻstæn, ævˈɡɑːnᵻstɑːn/;[14] Pashto/Dari: افغانستان, Pashto: Afġānistān [avɣɒnisˈtɒn, ab-],[a] Dari: Afġānestān [avɣɒnesˈtɒn]), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central and South Asia. Afghanistan War, international conflict beginning in 2001 that was triggered by the September 11 attacks. [234] Parties became more influential after 2009, when a new law established more stringent requirements for party registration. [128][116][129][130][131] By 2000 the Northern Alliance only controlled 10% of territory, cornered in the north-east. [395] The dance is considered part of Afghan identity. Those who have lived in Pakistan and Iran over the last 30 years have been further influenced by the cultures of those neighboring nations. [281], Afghanistan is a member of WTO, SAARC, ECO, and OIC. [310] In particular an important region for domestic and international tourism is the picturesque Bamyan Valley, which includes lakes, canyons and historical sites, helped by the fact it is in a safe area away from insurgent activity. The rubab is the country's national instrument and precurses the Indian sarod instrument. [247], Law enforcement in Afghanistan is the responsibility of the Afghan National Police (ANP), which is part of the Ministry of Interior Affairs. [191] Bicycles are popular throughout Afghanistan. [384] Later eras saw increased use of the Persian miniature style, with Kamaleddin Behzad of Herat being one of the most notable miniature artists of the Timurid and early Safavid periods. Afghanistan remains one of the poorest countries in the world because of a lack of foreign investment, government corruption, and the Taliban insurgency. Army, Navy, USAF, USMC, Space Force, Nuclear Weapons, Missile Defense. The nation is led by President Ashraf Ghani with Amrullah Saleh and Sarwar Danish as vice presidents. The Soviet Union’s military foray into Afghanistan was disastrous by nearly every measure, but perhaps the worst single ... but it isn’t the first global power to wage an unsuccessful war there. The first Afghan newspaper was published in 1873,[386] and there are hundreds of print outlets today. [208], Thousands of Afghan Sikhs and Hindus are also found in certain major cities[209][210] (namely Kabul, Jalalabad, Ghazni, Kandahar) accompanied by gurdwaras and mandirs. They gave primacy to a strong military, centralized government control from Kabul, and signaled the primacy of the Pashtun as the country’s ruling group. [320], Due to Afghanistan's geography, transport between various parts of the country have historically been difficult. There are over 16,000 schools in the country and roughly 9 million students. An important site of early historical activities, many believe that Afghanistan compares to Egypt in terms of the historical value of its archaeological sites.[15][36]. [189] Marmots and ibex also live in the high mountains of Afghanistan, and pheasants exist in some parts of the country. As of 2013, Afghanistan was the largest refugee-producing country in the world, a title held for 32 years. Of this, about 60% are males and 40% females. After the end Third Anglo-Afghan War and the signing of the Treaty of Rawalpindi on 19 August 1919, King Amanullah Khan declared Afghanistan a sovereign and fully independent state. Air transport in Afghanistan is provided by the national carrier, Ariana Afghan Airlines,[328] and by the private company Kam Air. The Afghanistan national football team has been competing in international football since 1941. [85] This would trigger a series of events that would dramatically turn Afghanistan from a poor and secluded (albeit peaceful) country to a hotbed of international terrorism. [66] He defeated the Indian Maratha Empire, and one of his biggest victories was the 1761 Battle of Panipat. By the middle of the 6th century BCE, the Achaemenids overthrew the Medes and incorporated Arachosia, Aria, and Bactria within its eastern boundaries. In 1878, the Second Anglo-Afghan War was fought over perceived Russian influence, Abdur Rahman Khan replaced Ayub Khan, and Britain gained control of Afghanistan's foreign relations as part of the Treaty of Gandamak of 1879. [373] As there was no colonialism in the modern era in Afghanistan, European-style architecture is rare; most notably the Victory Arch at Paghman, and the Darul Aman Palace in Kabul, were built in this style in the 1920s by the Afghans themselves. The 1930s saw the development of roads, infrastructure, the founding of a national bank, and increased education. He moved to end his country's traditional isolation by establishing diplomatic relations with the international community, particularly with the Soviet Union and the Weimar Republic of Germany. Soon after, the Persian and Afghan forces invaded India. [400] One of the poetic styles is called landay. [1] Dari, which is a variety of and mutually intelligible with Persian (and very often called 'Farsi' by some Afghans like in Iran) functions as the lingua franca in Kabul as well as in much of the northern and northwestern parts of the country. 2 Many empires and kingdoms have also risen to power in Afghanistan, such as the Greco-Bactrians, Sakas, Kushans, Kidarites, Hephthalites, Alkhons, Nezaks, Zunbils, Turk Shahis, Hindu Shahis, Lawiks, Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, Khwarazmians, Khaljis, Kartids, Timurids, Lodis, Surs, Mughals, and Safavids, and finally, the Hotak and Durrani dynasties, which marked the political origins of the modern state. Is China really building a military base in the northern province of Afghanistan? He defeated Gurgin Khan and made Afghanistan independent. [163] It was estimated in 2015 that "about 147,000 people have been killed in the Afghanistan war since 2001. [308] In recent years an increasing number of solar, biomass and wind power plants have been constructed. The Afghan Defense University was constructed near Qargha in Kabul. [229] The 2014 presidential election ended with Ashraf Ghani winning by 56.44% of the votes. Carpet weaving is an ancient practice in Afghanistan, and many of these are still handmade by tribal and nomadic people today. [243] Afghanistan has historically had strong relations with Germany, one of the first countries to recognize Afghanistan's independence in 1919; the Soviet Union, which provided much aid and military training for Afghanistan's forces and includes the signing of a Treaty of Friendship in 1921 and 1978; and India, with which a friendship treaty was signed in 1950. Alexander the Great invaded the region in the 4th century BCE, who married Roxana in Bactria before his Kabul Valley campaign, where he faced resistance from Aspasioi and Assakan tribes. His troops are said to have annihilated the Khorasanian cities of Herat and Balkh as well as Bamyan. [44] Much of the northeastern and southern areas of the country remained dominated by Buddhist culture. The Afghan Defense University houses various educational establishments for the Afghan Armed Forces, including the National Military Academy of Afghanistan. Humans lived in what is now Afghanistan at least 50,000 years ago. A totally destroyed section of Kabul in 1993. However, up to the 19th century the term Khorasan was commonly used among natives to describe their country, Sir George Elphinstone wrote with amazement that the country known to outsiders as "Afghanistan" was referred to by its own inhabitants as "Khorasan" and that the first Afghan official whom he met at the border welcomed him to Khorasan.[60][61][62][63]. Men would typically work on the fields, joined by women during harvest. [343], According to the Human Development Index, Afghanistan is the 15th least developed country in the world. [212] Afghan Christians, who number 500–8,000, practice their faith secretly due to intense societal opposition, and there are no public churches. [416] In 2012, the country's 3x3 basketball team won the gold medal at the 2012 Asian Beach Games. [331][332] About 125 kilometers (78 mi) of the line will lie on the Afghan side. [81], Mohammed Zahir Shah, Nadir Shah's 19-year-old son, succeeded to the throne and reigned from 1933 to 1973. [215] Urbanization in Afghanistan has been noted to be different than traditional urbanization, in that it's centered on a few cities rather than evenly spread out nationwide. High elevation regions are composed of hardy grasses and small flowering plants political parties played large. Up to 15 % of the poetic styles is called landay 37 ] [ 135 ] nation! 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