Junipers are coniferous evergreen trees that vary in size and shape. Locust trees are hardy trees that are known for their hard and durable wood that is used for making furniture, fence posts, flooring, and small boats. Silver birch (Betula pendula) is a medium-sized deciduous tree with white peeling bark. The most important species of walnut tree for nut production is the Juglans regia, or black walnut. Some of the low-growing juniper shrubs have silvery needles. Cherry trees have glossy green oval leaves with pointed tips and serrated edges. Cypress trees have soft, feathery evergreen foliage and produce cones that look like large acorns. The Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) and Lawson Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) are other false cypress varieties. Some species of teak tree can grow up to 131 ft. (40 m) tall and their branches produce thin, papery leaves. Mahogany also is rot-resistant and has tonal properties making it the perfect type of wood for constructing musical instruments. Eucalyptus plants are native to Australia but also grow in tropical and temperate climates throughout the world. Read more: Types of Locust Trees with Identification Guide and Pictures. Spruce trees make up many of the types of forests in North America and are a type of coniferous evergreen tree. Being surrounded by literally hundreds of types of trees, we thought it’d be interesting to write a blog on 5 of the Most Common trees in Australia. As the tree matures the bark becomes ridged. In tropical countries, species of deciduous trees lose their leaves during dry seasons. Large juniper trees often have leaves that are scale-like and grow on rounded shoots. In the late autumn or winter sycamore trees have round brown seed balls hanging on their branches. Hickory produces edible nuts that are in a “double” shell. It will grow from sea level to nearly 5,000'. There are hardwood trees native to North America that have “cedar” in their common name. Maple trees are beautiful deciduous shade trees with deeply lobed leaves. Apple tree is a very popular and common type of fruit tree that is cultivated worldwide and has a beautiful blossom. The Common Genera of Pioneer Trees of the Rainforest. There are 12 maple species in North America and of these, 5 are most commonly seen: red maple, sugar maple, silver maple, boxelder, and bigleaf maple. Because of their grace and elegance, cedars are popular ornamental trees and are often cultivated as bonsai trees. This tree is the most widespread and most common tree found in east and central North America. Identifying species of locust trees can be done by features such as their flowers, color of bark, height of the tree, the thorns, as well as by the shape and color of its seed pods. Wood from willow trees tends to be soft and flexible and the branches are often used for making wicker baskets. Many varieties of locust trees have long sharp thorns and there are a few thornless species. Eucalyptus shrubs—known as mallees—grow up to 33 ft. (10 m) tall. Most hawthorn trees grow between 5–15 m (16–49 ft.) tall and have edible berry-like fruit. Arborvitae trees and shrubs are ideal for natural privacy screens, wide hedges, living fences, or specimen trees. Steve Nix is a member of the Society of American Foresters and a former forest resources analyst for the state of Alabama. This pine is in abundance, particularly in western Canada and the Pacific Northwestern portion of the United States. The ‘Emerald Green’ arborvitae is one of the most popular landscaping trees in the Thuja species. One of the most common redbud trees is the Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis). There are about 400 species of willow that belong to the genus Salix. Cypress trees such as the Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) and the Mediterranean Cypress / Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) are true cypress trees. 13 Most Common Types of Cherry Trees. It is sometimes planted as an ornamental but out of favor because of the spiky fruit that collects underfoot in the landscape. Ash is a species of tree native to North America and it’s a common tree in parks, deciduous forests, woodlands, and residential neighborhoods. Tree identification: Cedar trees have scale leaves that grow in dark green or bluish-green spiral clusters. Willows are usually last to drop their leaves in fall. White oak is a survivor and grows in a wide range of habitats. Their leaves look more like scales than needles. A red maple tree is a medium to large sized, fast growing, deciduous tree that is commonly found in North America. The most common types of softwood are the SPF: Spruce, Pine, and Fir. Teak are massive deciduous trees that are species of trees in the genus Tectona. Among the many choices of evergreen trees, the most commonly planted varieties are cypress, pine, fir, cedar, spruce, hemlock, juniper, thuja, eucalyptus, and magnolia. Explore the distinctive features of these popular street trees, what helps them to thrive in an urban environment and the wildlife they support. Elm tree seeds are small and round and are protected in an oval papery casing called a samara. Balsam Fir Christmas Trees 1. This is a classic, strong Christmas tree and it has a good scent as well. Most types of pine trees have reddish-brown or gray bark and there is also a species called the Red pine. Read more: Varieties of Arborvitae Hedges, Trees, and Shrubs. Elm trees can grow tall and are popular street trees. Mature ash trees have bark with ridges that form diamond shapes. Each part of the Neem trees is essential for different purposes. Large and small crape myrtle trees grow best as specimen trees and add a focal point to a landscaped garden. Tropical rain forests grow around the equator in South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia. However, their roots have a destructive effect on sidewalks and building foundations. Black walnut tree is has a commercial importance for lumber and walnuts production. They have needle-like leaves that stay green all year long. The easiest way to identify fir trees is by looking at their needles and cones. They have commonly named hog plums, Spanish plums, in some cases golden apples. This is an evergreen tree, meaning that it retains its color throughout the entire year. Cottonwood trees are popular because they are fast-growing, their timber is cheap, and they thrive in wetlands and arid environments. Mahogany is a type of redwood tree that is famed for its hardness and straight grains. Arborwell’s tree management services keep our clients’ trees healthy, wherever they grow – in parks or on city streets, at estates, commercial properties, or in residential developments. Most species of crape myrtle trees thrive in USDA zones 7 through 10. Because of their attractiveness, hawthorns are grown as street trees or ornamental trees and the smaller shrubs also make great hedges. Elm leaves are classed as broad-leaves that can be between 7 and 16 cm long and their ovate shape tapers to a point. Other types of mahogany tree in the family Meliaceae grow in Asia, Africa, and New Zealand. Some species of fir tree such as the Fraser fir, balsam fir, and noble fir are popular types of Christmas trees. The leafy woody plants in the willow family are deciduous and can be low-growing shrubs or medium-sized trees. Japanese maple (botanical name: Acer palmatum) is a small deciduous tree with many cultivars growing worldwide. Oak trees are hardwood trees that are common in North America and Europe. Like red maple, it will comfortably grow on many sites including wetlands, dry uplands and hill country up to 2,600'. It is reckoned that apple trees are the oldest cultivated tree in history. The Balsam Fir Tree. Flowering dogwood is one of the most common understory hardwoods you will see in both hardwood and coniferous forests in eastern North America. Willow trees are easily identified by their long drooping branches covered in oval elongated leaves. Apart from providing oxygen for the planet and beauty when they bloom or turn color, trees are very useful. Trees are woody perennial plants that are a member of the kingdom Plantae. Sycamore trees have large lobed leaves that look similar to maple leaves. This tall fir of the North American west is only surpassed in height by the redwood. Every Indian households have a at least one neem tree planted in their garden. The shapes of the leaves help to identify the tree species. The leaves grow alternately on stems and have 3 to 5 lobes with toothed edges. Tree identification: Most species of oak are deciduous trees and a few are evergreen. A straight and rough trunk is seen in neem trees. Then there are fir trees that include evergreens such as the Fraser fir, noble fir tree, and white fir. Sycamore trees are fast-growing popular shade trees in city landscapes and parks. Mahogany wood is highly rated for its reddish-brown color and durability. It is an oak that inhabits coastal forests to the woodlands along the mid-western prairie region. The smallest crabapple trees can be small shrub-like bushes around 4 ft. (1.2 m) tall. It is also called a "keystone" tree species because of its importance in diverse forest ecosystems within its large range. Deciduous trees shed their leave usually in the autumn, Deciduous trees are the kind of trees that lose their leaves at certain times of the year. The bark of young fir trees is usually smooth and gray. Ash trees are a species of hardwood tree in the genus Fraxinus and family Oleaceae. The most common sycamore tree species in North America is the Platanus occidentalis which is also called the American sycamore. Unlike the clusters of pine needles on a branch, fir tree needles attach individually to the branches and not in clusters. Dogwoods are beautiful flowering deciduous trees belonging to the genus Cornus with distinctive flowers, berries, bark, and leaves. The 10 most common street trees in New York City in 2005 are listed below and annotated with quotes from Arthur Plotnik's The Urban Tree Book (2000). Its natural range stretches from east Texas to the pine barrens of New Jersey and is the dominant pine tree harvested for paper and solid wood produces. The most common sycamore tree species in North America is the Platanus occidentalis which is also called the American sycamore. The botanical name for hawthorn trees is Crataegus and they are in the same family (Rosaceae) as apples. Cottonwood trees are species of poplar trees belonging to the genus Populus. Pine trees grow tall and straight with some of the largest species reaching heights of 268 ft. (81 m). Tree identification: Spruce tree cones are long and cylindrical that hang down off the tree. Fir trees are large evergreen conifer trees that are mainly found in forests in North America, Europe, and Asia. It is the most common oak in DuPage County and is the dominant tree in most of the county’s upland forests and woodlands. If you check their scientific name, many are species of junipers in the family Juniperus. Pine trees produce hard cones and their leaves are clusters of needle leaves. There are about 35 species of elm in the genus Ulmus. Some common species of elm include American elm (Ulmus americana), European elm (Ulmus glabra), and Slippery elm (Ulmus rubra). Most common types of tree disease in the UK can be caused by environmental factors so make sure you always collect and dispose of any fallen leaves from around the bottom of the tree or plant so they do not decay and become diseased. Abies balsamea thrives on moist, acid and organic soils in swamps and on mountains to 5,600'. Or, the needles could be soft needles that grow sparsely on the twig. Also called bull pine and old-field pine, Pinus taeda is the most widely planted pine tree in the eastern coastal states. The most common identifying feature of maple trees is their lobed leaves growing opposite each other on branches. Evergreen trees are the reason why forests look so beautiful in winter landscapes. The most common spruce trees in North America are the Red spruce, Black spruce, and White spruce. The most common types of locust trees are the black locust and honey locust tree. A neem tree has bright green leaves and reaches up to a height of 100 feet. The Most Common North American Hardwood Trees, The 5 Most Common North American Maple Trees, 11 of the Most Endangered Trees in America, A Beginner's Guide to Tree Identification, The Permaculture Practice of Wood Coppicing, Identification of the Most Common Hardwoods, 15 of the Most Remarkable Trees in the United States, How to Identify Maple, Sycamore, Yellow-Poplar, and Sweetgum Leaves, Identifying the Yellow Poplar Tree in North America. How many can you identify? Tree identification: Willow leaves are simple and elongated with serrated edges. Elm trees are a common type of forest tree that are classed as deciduous or semi-deciduous. Belonging to the Prunus genus, Cherry plants are best known for their beautiful and edible fruits. LIST OF 50 TREES. Oak trees can be identified by their lobed leaves with pointed or rounded tips. https://www.thoughtco.com/ten-most-common-trees-united-states-3971258 Most species of dogwood are fast-growing ornamental trees that are ideal for garden landscapes. Also fir cones tend to grow straight upward from the branches. In North America, Europe, and temperate counties, deciduous trees such as oak, walnut, elm, and birch shed their leaves in fall. Ash trees (Fraxinus) are medium to large deciduous trees with a rounded crown of dark green leaves. Willows can be large weeping trees, dwarf trees, or low-growing creeping shrubby plants. Several varieties of Pseudotsuga menziesii, including the coastal Douglas fir of the Cascade Mountains and the Rocky Mountain Douglas fir of the Rockies. However, they are not from the cypress genus Cupressus. Walnut trees generally have rough bark with deep fissures. Cherry trees (Prunus) are spectacular deciduous flowering trees that bloom in spring. It has a beautiful, conical shape along with dense, dark-green leaves. Read more: Types of Elm Trees with Their Bark and Leaves – Identification Guide. Oak wood has been prized for centuries and was used to make ships, create interior paneling, and also barrels for storing wines and spirits. There are 18 species of hickory trees, 12 of which are native to North America. Crabapple Purple Prince (Malus ‘Purple Prince’). Sycamore trees can grow to huge proportions with some reaching heights of 130 ft. (40 m). Pine trees are often used as ornamental trees and are a softwood type of conifer. There are a lot of different kinds of Christmas trees and if you’re looking for the right Christmas tree for your home, maybe allergies, or you just wanted to last through the New Year’s, here are some of the most common types and their benefits. Tree identification: Walnut tree leaves are alternate and are comprised of leaflets that grow opposite each other. Tree identification: Sycamores trees often have bark that easily flakes off, giving the trunk a reddish-brown, multicolored look. Deciduous trees shed their leaves at a certain time of the year – usually in the autumn while types of evergreen trees keep their leaves throughout the year. Because of their fast growth, pine wood is important in the construction and furniture industries. Only 1% of families recognise the UK’s most common trees, according to new research by Unilever. Each tree species has specific requirements for its cultivation, training, and care, so Bonsai tree identification is crucial to take proper care of your tree. Junipers (genus Juniperus in the family Cupressaceae) are evergreen trees. All of the thousands of species of trees fall into two categories – deciduous trees and evergreen trees. The tropical teak is large deciduous tree and is known for its high quality. Certain species of hardwood and softwood trees are excellent for timber, making furniture, and paper. Or the South? The most common maple tree species in Europe is the sycamore maple tree (Acer pseudoplatanus), and there are 10 species native to Canada. Many evergreen trees such as conifers, pines, and spruce trees have needle leaves. However, some cold-hardy cherry trees can withstand temperatures in zone 4. Many common names are the same for different species of trees. Some types of evergreen trees like juniper and cedar have scale-like leaves. Sweetgum is one of the most aggressive pioneer tree species and quickly takes over abandoned fields and unmanaged cut-over forests. Spruce trees are slow growing and are important in the building industry. Another recognizable feature is that the bark of birch trees is papery. Cottonwood trees are common in North America, Europe, and some parts of Asia. Many cultivars in the redbud species Cercis canadensis have different flower colors and tree size. On each tree page, the small image is linked to a larger image. Mediterranean Cypress / Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) trees, foliage and cones. The taste of crabapples ranges from sweet to very sour and bitter, and they are made into jellies, sauces, pickled crabapples, and jams. Here are the 10 most commonplace native trees in the United States, based on several Federal surveys of tree species stem count, and are listed here in order of estimated numbers of trees by species: Red maple is the most common tree in North America and lives in diverse climates and habitats, mainly in the eastern United States. Cherry trees have many cultivars that include edible fruit trees, ornamental flowering trees, weeping and dwarf trees. One of the common features of all types of cottonwood trees is the fluffy cotton-like strands that appear in early summer .These large trees can grow to between 50 and 80 ft. (15 – 24 m) and some species can grow even higher. Some popular types of junipers in North America include Eastern red cedars, common red cedar, Ashe junipers, and California junipers. One of the interesting features of willow tree leaves is their color. The most famous product made from maple trees is the sweet maple syrup made from the tree’s sap. Maples in the area come in several different types, but the red maple is the most common tree in the state. True cypress trees belong to the coniferous plant genus Cupressus. Oak trees are known for their acorns (also called oak nuts). Further reading: Flowering Dogwood Trees and Shrubs: Types, Leaves, Bark – Identification. Catkins resembling lambs tails, and late-summer nuts. Types of Evergreen Trees That Will Leave You Wonder-struck. Juniper trees are often called cedars but they belong to a different genus and family. Balsam Fir. But these types of cedars are in the list of false cedar trees. It is estimated that there are over 7,500 different kinds of apple trees. There are plenty of dwarf apple tree cultivars for gardens that may just grow 3 – 6 ft. (1 – 2 m) high. Sycamore trees have large serrated lobed leaves that look like maple leaves. The needles of fir trees tend to be softer than pine or spruce. The white oak is the state tree of five states, including Illinois. American arborvitae (Thuja Occidentalis) makes great privacy tree or hedge. Menu Home There are 7 species native to the Neotropics. Also, the hunt for the perfect tree will go much smoother if you already know the type of tree you want. Evergreen trees retain their leaves all year around. The most common types of hickory trees are shagbark hickory (Carya ovata) and shellbark hickory (also called kingnut or Carya laciniosa). Dogwood trees are small to medium-sized trees, growing between 10 and 25 ft. (3 – 7.6 m) tall. All types of trees play an important role in our ecosystem. Care guides for the common Bonsai tree species. Related article: Crabapple Trees (Malus): Types, Flowers, Fruits. Ash trees have lanceolate pinnate leaves that grow in groups of five, seven, or nine leaflets. There are hundreds of varieties of cherry trees – Species of cherry trees are categorized by their fruit or blossoms. Birch trees can be easy to identify as their bark is often white or silver-colored and the long drooping branches have small thin leaves. Elm trees are large shade trees that can grow up to 100 ft. (30 m) tall with a wide spread of around 75 ft. (22 m). Most of these trees are common in North America, Europe, and other countries around the world. Teak is a type of hardwood that is popular with furniture makers and boat builders is teak. Most varieties of ash trees grow in USDA zones 3 to 9 in full sun. Dogwoods flower every spring and require well-draining soil that is always moist. Willows are deciduous flowering trees and shrubs that prefer very moist soil. Tree identification: Their tall straight trunks and needle like leaves that grow near the top of the tree make these evergreens easy to identify. They are all white-pale yellow colored, softer or less dense, and have poor fire resistance. All species of trees are classified into two main types: deciduous trees and evergreen trees. Tree identification: Maples can be woody shrubs growing about 33 ft. (10 m) tall or large majestic trees up to 150 ft. (45 m) tall. Chinese elm, or Ulmus parvifolia. The reason why teak wood is widely used is that it is very weather resistant. These can be long, thin and straight and grow in clusters. Oak trees are well-known for producing wood that is extremely hard, durable, and resistant to disease. Pecan trees are also a type of hickory tree as they are in the Carya genus and their botanical name is Carya illinoinensis. Spruces are classed as large trees that belong to the Picea genus. Tree identification: Apple tree leaves are alternate and simple and their shape is egg-shaped. Some types of trees have wide oval leaves, some have star-shaped ones, and many evergreen trees have needle leaves. Tree identification: Hawthorn leaves come in many different shapes. Crabapple flowers come in spectacular shades of pink, white, purple, orange, and red. Redbud trees can have light pink, white, or dark pink flowers. Larger crabapples can grow to between 20 and 30 ft. (6 – 9 m). There are also weeping cherry trees, such as weeping Higan cherry (Prunus subhirtella ‘Pendula’) and dwarf weeping cherry tree varieties, such as Prunus jacquemontii ‘Hiromi’  that grows between 3 and 6 ft. (1 – 2 m). Tree identification: Elm is a thick, dense hardwood tree and some species are especially ornamental and beautiful. The most common and popular tree of probably every household is the neem tree that has bright leaves and goes up to the height of 100 feet. Redbud trees are small flowering trees that are famous for their beautiful pink or white spring flowers. The American arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis) and Giant arborvitae (Thuja plicata) are native to North America, where they are popular garden landscaping plants. 5. Eric Hilaire and Emma Howard. Did you know: rowan trees were once widely planted as a protection from witches. Hickory trees are deciduous trees in the genus Carya that are common in North America, China, and India. and can be yellow, amber, orange, red or purple. Oak trees live in a wide range of habitats and are the national tree of many countries. Hickory trees are well-known for their edible nuts. Related: Types of Oak Trees and How to Identify them (Pictures), Sycamores are large flowering deciduous trees that grow easily from seeds. Lemon eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus citriodora / Corymbia citriodora). Read more: Cottonwood Trees: Facts, Identification, Pictures and More. Sycamore is a species of large hardwood tree in the genus Platanus. Discover five of the most common trees in Britain's towns and cities - the plane tree, sycamore, English oak, silver birch and horse chestnut. The reason why it is called red maple is that during the fall time, the leaves of this tree turn a beautiful bright red color. Locust trees are fast-growing flowering trees that grow to between 66 and 98 ft. (20 – 30 m) and belong to a family of flowering plants called Fabaceae. It is also one of the most common of small trees in the urban landscape. Also called ‘Smaragd,’ this upright columnar arborvitae has compact growth and reaches up to 14 ft. (4 m) tall. Hawthorns are a type of tree or shrub that is native to Europe, Asia, and North America. Schefflera (ARALIACEAE) This species of walnut is an important source of hardwood timber. Oaks can be trees or shrubs and are in the genus Quercus and the family Fagaceae. Ash tree wood is prized for its strength and flexibility. It is a pine tree of the mountains and grows to an elevation of 11,000 feet. Evergreen trees in the genus Pinus are probably the most recognizable type of coniferous tree. Flowering dogwoods are small to medium size trees. Other hawthorn leaves look more ovate due to having shallow lobes. Mahogany tree leaves have oval shape and they grow opposite each other on the stem. There are actually a number of species of birch trees that are used for paper. Cedar trees are large evergreen coniferous trees that have needle-like leaves that are arranged spirally on scented woody branches. You’ll find it on the banks of rivers, swamps and wetlands, thriving in a place most other types of tree would undoubtedly struggle. The grain in the wood is also attractive and this makes the tree valuable for furniture makers. Tree identification: Most species of juniper have needle-like leaves when they are immature that grow into scale leaves as the tree ages. Most common in Scotland, the … Cedar trees are native to the Mediterranean region. Some types of hawthorn trees have leaves that are deeply lobed and look like large parsley leaves. Native to the Northern Hemisphere, these plants are now grown almost everywhere. However only the female species of cottonwood trees produce the white fluff for which the tree is known. Without further ado, here are the pros and cons of the top 10 most common live Christmas tree types. Although you can make syrup from any maple tree, it’s only the sugar maple tree (Acer saccharum) that produces quality sweet syrup. There are many species of mahogany tree but “true” ones are in the genus Swietenia. As you would assume from their common name, this type of grasshopper is one of the most common species. The alder is home provides a home to a host of insects that too enjoy the damp air. Walnut trees also tend to be large, massive trees that grow to between 33 and 131 ft. (10 – 40 m) tall. For example the common name "Palm Tree" can refer to many different species of trees in may different taxonomic groups. Hazel is one of the most useful trees for its bendy stems and as a conservation saviour. Tree identification is usually possible by examining the leaves. They add decorative touch to any garden. Dogwood flowers bloom in spring and are typically white, but some species produce yellow, pale red or pink blossoms. Tree identification: Teak tree leaves are large and ovate with a smooth surface and edges. Apple trees are a genus of large trees in the family Rosaceae that produce beautiful flowers and a crop of apples. Some species of eucalyptus trees can grow as tall as 330 ft. (100 m). Apple trees grow in most countries in the world and the most common species is the Malus domestica tree. Identifying the different kinds of trees usually depends on examining their leaves and bark. Maple trees have dark brown furrowed bark, small winged fruits, and narrow reddish-brown twigs. Crabapple fruits are generally up to 2” (5 cm) in diameter and can be yellow, amber, orange, red or purple. Apart from India's national emblem, each of its States and Union Territories have their own state seals and symbols which include state animals, birds, trees, flowers etc. Common Ash – Fraxinus Excelsior Common ash, sometimes known as European ash, is the most common form of ash tree native to Britain. In this section, we'll take a closer look into tree-species that are used for growing Bonsai, and Bonsai tree types. Tree identification: Birch trees have small triangular-shaped leaves with a slightly serrated edge. The term deciduous literally means to “fall off at maturity.”. Redbud trees have heart shaped leaves and their seedpods have dark brown color. A Balsam Fir Tree. Tree identification: Rich brown-red colored wood that gets darker with age. Most tropical f… Other common names for the American sycamore tree are buttonwood tree, western plane tree, American plane tree, and water beech. It is prevalent in the UK and can also be found throughout Europe, Asia, and North Africa. Different types of arborvitaes grow as upright columnar trees, small conical trees, or globe-shaped shrubs. Crabapple trees (botanical name Malus) are like miniature apple trees (Malus domestica). True cedar trees are in the plant family Pinaceae and the genus Cedrus. These huge trees have thin, peeling reddish-brown bark. Birch trees are among the most common types of trees used for paper. As you can tell from the name, it rains a lot in these forests. Typically, dwarf myrtle trees grow between 6 and 10 ft. (1.8 – 3 m) tall, such as the ‘Acoma’ crape myrtle that is a multi-stemmed shrub-like tree with masses of white flowers and a rounded spreading crown. Other common names for the American sycamore tree are buttonwood tree, western plane tree, American plane tree, and water beech. Most types of locust trees grow in the eastern states of North America. Trees provide shade, shelter, oxygen, and many even produce fruit. Most species of mature ash trees have gray bark with a pattern that looks like a fishnet. Some types of Eucalyptus trees are called gum trees, and fruit from eucalyptus plants are called gumnuts. Some of the larger spruce species are very imposing because they can be as high as 200 ft. 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