ETHICS IN RESEARCH Mary Faye Englebert Louise M. Murray Part 1 First Do No Harm First Do No Harm – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - … (See also Standard 5.01a, Avoidance of False or Deceptive Statements. It is essential for researchers to gain an understanding of these Psychologists strive to keep their promises and to avoid unwise or unclear commitments. Voluntary participation is based on a full, Photograph High-Altitude medical experiments in, 1932, US Public Health Service initiated a study, Study continued for 40 years, finally discovered, Purpose to study the natural course of disease in, Lacked informed consent, with held treatment from, Listen to RealAudio file of NewsHour's segment, Mid 1950s to early 1970s research was conducted, Children could not understand study they were, Parents were forced to give consent for their, Persons conducting the study defended it by, Needs to be justified by compelling scientific, Researchers must be honest about their findings, Review research proposals involving humans so, Most professional associations have formal codes. (c) Psychologists explain any deception that is an integral feature of the design and conduct of an experiment to participants as early as is feasible, preferably at the conclusion of their participation, but no later than at the conclusion of the data collection, and permit participants to withdraw their data. Beauchamp T, Childress J. Note that animals may not be brought on any of the University campuses before IACUC approval has been obtained.  That is, animals may not be brought on campus to be held while awaiting the approval of the Protocol procedures.Those preparing the Protocol are urged to contact the IACUC Chair as often as necessary in order to assure that the forms are completed properly.For copies of Protocol forms and supplements, and for additional information about the IACUC, please contact the IACUC Chair:Fr. Psychologists strive to be aware of the possible effect of their own physical and mental health on their ability to help those with whom they work.Principle B: Fidelity and ResponsibilityPsychologists establish relationships of trust with those with whom they work. When it comes to ethical issues in business research, you have three major areas of responsibility toward your company, your customers and your community. The final arbiters of ethical questions are individuals themselves. Students of clinical ethics will find additional information and deeper analysis in the suggested readings below. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwqNP9HRy7Y. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. PPT – Ethical Principles PowerPoint presentation | free to view - id: 23fc7d-YTRlZ, The Adobe Flash plugin is needed to view this content. Given the diversity of opinions regarding ethical issues and the absence of consensus regarding ethical standards, skeptics resist those who claim to have an inside route to moral truth. Boasting an impressive range of designs, they will support your presentations with inspiring background photos or videos that support your themes, set the right mood, enhance your credibility and inspire your audiences. According to Bryman and Bell (2007) [1] the following ten points represent the most important principles related to ethical considerations in … This principle simply means that an informed, competent adult patient can refuse or accept treatments, drugs, … Study the descriptions of the ethical principles governing human research in Australia. The APA first published their ethics code in 1953 and has been continuously evolving the code ever since. That's all free as well! A Critical Consciousness within the Context of Ethical Research There are many ethical issues that may need to be considered when undertaking research. Research integrity may be defined as active adherence to the ethical principles and professional standards essential for the responsible practice of research. - Ethical Dilemmas in Workplace Many large organizations set out their purposes and values as a part of the job of managing stakeholder relationships. There is the belief that that the potential benefits of a particular action should be weighed against the potential costs. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fNlyCB3foc, All UDM faculty, staff and students who use live vertebrate animals in teaching, study, or research must have the written approval of the University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) prior to their acquiring these animals.  This applies also to other individuals who plan to house these animals anywhere on the campuses of the University.  Strict regulations regarding the care and use of animals is mandated by the federal government; it is the duty of the IACUC to see that all projects which involve the care and use of animals are in compliance with these regulations. Ethics in Radiation Sciences: Improving our Ethical Fitness. However, when the researcher’s obligations to science and society conflict with obligations to protect the rights and welfare of research participants, the researcher faces an ethical dilemma. It was not until 1997 that the government issued an official apology. According to ethical skepticism, ethical decisions must be a matter of the individuals conscience: One should do what one thinks is right and refrain from doing what one thinks is wrong. These approaches differ in terms of the criteria people use to decide what is right and what is wrong.1.) Winner of the Standing Ovation Award for “Best PowerPoint Templates” from Presentations Magazine. )(b) If psychologists discover significant errors in their published data, they take reasonable steps to correct such errors in a correction, retraction, erratum, or other appropriate publication means.8.11 PlagiarismPsychologists do not present portions of another's work or data as their own, even if the other work or data source is cited occasionally.8.12 Publication Credit(a) Psychologists take responsibility and credit, including authorship credit, only for work they have actually performed or to which they have substantially contributed. Relying upon General Principles for either of these reasons distorts both their meaning and purpose.Principle A: Beneficence and NonmaleficencePsychologists strive to benefit those with whom they work and take care to do no harm. Mere possession of an institutional position, such as department chair, does not justify authorship credit. when appropriate, there are adequate provisions for monitoring the data collection to ensure the safety of subjects5.) Many of them are also animated. People often tend to hold one of three general approaches to resolving ethical issues about research. (b) If scientific or humane values justify delaying or withholding this information, psychologists take reasonable measures to reduce the risk of harm. Respect for human dignity is the most important ethical principle underlying the scientific research ethics, and the purpose of which is to protect the individual's interests and the physical, psychological, and cultural integrity. The American Psychological Association (APA) publishes the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct1 which outlines aspirational principles as well as enforceable standards that psychologistsshould use when making decisions. x Ethics in Scientific Research: An Examination of Ethical Principles and Emerging Topics When we examined ethics by geographic region, we found a distinction between the ethical principles of researchers conducting research in their own host country compared with the ethical principles of researchers conducting research in a coun- Ethical Principles. Permission form is enclosed for your consideration. The PowerPoint PPT presentation: "Ethical Principles" is the property of its rightful owner. presentations for free. Whether your application is business, how-to, education, medicine, school, church, sales, marketing, online training or just for fun, PowerShow.com is a great resource. Informed Consent. However, there are a number of principles of ethics that are nearly universal in the business world. Psychologists exercise reasonable judgment and take precautions to ensure that their potential biases, the boundaries of their competence, and the limitations of their expertise do not lead to or condone unjust practices.Principle E: Respect for People's Rights and DignityPsychologists respect the dignity and worth of all people, and the rights of individuals to privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination. - Principles of Ethical Conduct There are dozens, if not hundreds, of ethical principles in the philosophical and religious traditions of East and West. ... Average household profile: greenhouse gas pollution Your choice makes a difference 1. - What builds trust regulation/rules or principles/ethics? Principles of research ethics. When these two obligations coincide, few ethical issues arise. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Autonomy: People have the right to control what happens to their bodies. By active adherence we mean adoption of the principles and practices as a personal credo, not simply accepting them as … Headlines of scientific misconduct such as this often grab our attention and make many think that the majority of those who commit ethical violations in research are apprehended and punished, the reality is that the majority of transgressions are much more mundane and banal, and the majority slip through the cracks and are not noticed or punished. Psychologists uphold professional standards of conduct, clarify their professional roles and obligations, accept appropriate responsibility for their behavior, and seek to manage conflicts of interest that could lead to exploitation or harm. Not only do people disagree about the ethics of particular research procedures, but also they often disagree about the fundamental ethical principles that should be used to make ethical decisions. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. The primary basis for recruiting participants should be the scientific goals of … )(b) Principal authorship and other publication credits accurately reflect the relative scientific or professional contributions of the individuals involved, regardless of their relative status. The official guidelines for research enforced by the federal government and most professional organizations, including the APA, are essentially utilitarian.Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill. )8.08 Debriefing(a) Psychologists provide a prompt opportunity for participants to obtain appropriate information about the nature, results, and conclusions of the research, and they take reasonable steps to correct any misconceptions that participants may have of which the psychologists are aware. In the mind of the MD? Ethics are very important in the business world, but some find it difficult to define business ethics. Chapter 1 Developing The Apa Code Of Ethics. Discuss the ethical concerns of those cases using the framework described in this slide. This article is intended to be a brief introduction to the use of ethical principles in health care ethics. The research proposal should discuss potential ethical issues pertaining to the research. Integrity. On the one hand, behavioral researcher’s job is to provide information that enhances our understanding of behavioral processes and leads to improvement of human or animal welfare. Nearly 400 African American men from Macon County Alabama with syphilis were offered free medical exams, free meals, and burial insurance for participating in the study. Illicit or unwise research activities lead to negative publicity, legal liability, and toxic political fallout And, best of all, most of its cool features are free and easy to use. After you enable Flash, refresh this page and the presentation should play. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. the public's trust of the discipline. The main principles of ethical research are intended to achieve this goal. Or use it to create really cool photo slideshows - with 2D and 3D transitions, animation, and your choice of music - that you can share with your Facebook friends or Google+ circles. References. (g) When it is appropriate that an animal's life be terminated, psychologists proceed rapidly, with an effort to minimize pain and in accordance with accepted procedures.8.10 Reporting Research Results(a) Psychologists do not fabricate data. An introductory presentation on the principles of research ethics Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The researchers should pay special attention to vulnerable subjects to avoid breech of ethical codes 3, 14 Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. of research When most people think of ethics (or morals), they think of rules for distinguishing between right and wrong. When you have done so, review the cases described in slides 17 and 18. It's FREE! They conduct the research in accordance with the approved research protocol.8.02 Informed Consent to Research (a) When obtaining informed consent as required in Standard 3.10, Informed Consent, psychologists inform participants about (1) the purpose of the research, expected duration, and procedures; (2) their right to decline to participate and to withdraw from the research once participation has begun; (3) the foreseeable consequences of declining or withdrawing; (4) reasonably foreseeable factors that may be expected to influence their willingness to participate such as potential risks, discomfort, or adverse effects; (5) any prospective research benefits; (6) limits of confidentiality; (7) incentives for participation; and (8) whom to contact for questions about the research and research participants' rights. (c) When psychologists become aware that research procedures have harmed a participant, they take reasonable steps to minimize the harm.8.09 Humane Care and Use of Animals in Research(a) Psychologists acquire, care for, use, and dispose of animals in compliance with current federal, state, and local laws and regulations, and with professional standards. - Health promotion code of ethics in the health care system: From ... Moving from an ethic for health promotion to practical ethical guides. Requesting psychologists obtain prior written agreement for all other uses of the data.8.15 ReviewersPsychologists who review material submitted for presentation, publication, grant, or research proposal review respect the confidentiality of and the proprietary rights in such information of those who submitted it. the risks to subjects are minimized by using procedures which are consistent with sound research design and which do not unecessisarily expose subjects to risk, and whenever appropriate, by using procedures already being performed for diagnostic or treatment purposes.2.) )8.03 Informed Consent for Recording Voices and Images in ResearchPsychologists obtain informed consent from research participants prior to recording their voices or images for data collection unless (1) the research consists solely of naturalistic observations in public places, and it is not anticipated that the recording will be used in a manner that could cause personal identification or harm, or (2) the research design includes deception, and consent for the use of the recording is obtained during debriefing. Ethical Responsibilities of Researchers• Each individual scientist has the ethical responsibility to seek knowledge and to strive to improve the quality of life (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, & Zechmeister, 2003)• Requirements of scientists (Diener & Crandall, 1978): – Competence – Report results accurately – Manage resources honestly – Acknowledge others – Consider the consequences … when appropriate, there are adequate provisions to protect the privacy of subjects and maintain the confidentiality of data. The selection of subjects is equitable – 4.) PowerShow.com is a leading presentation/slideshow sharing website. They are aware of their professional and scientific responsibilities to society and to the specific communities in which they work. Or use it to find and download high-quality how-to PowerPoint ppt presentations with illustrated or animated slides that will teach you how to do something new, also for free. Ethical Point Breaks for Medicaid Schoolbased Services. For instance, ethical norms govern conduct in medicine, law, engineering, and business. Ethical Considerations can be specified as one of the most important parts of the research. Umm Al-Qura University Faculty of Dentistry, No public clipboards found for this slide. Represents standards of ethical behavior for social workers. Upholding individuals' rights to confidentiality and privacy is a … This does not preclude republishing data when they are accompanied by proper acknowledgment.8.14 Sharing Research Data for Verification(a) After research results are published, psychologists do not withhold the data on which their conclusions are based from other competent professionals who seek to verify the substantive claims through reanalysis and who intend to use such data only for that purpose, provided that the confidentiality of the participants can be protected and unless legal rights concerning proprietary data preclude their release. (f) Psychologists perform surgical procedures under appropriate anesthesia and follow techniques to avoid infection and minimize pain during and after surgery. Contents of the Code of Practice 1. They were told they were being treated for “bad blood” which was a local term used to describe several illnesses including anemia, fatigue, and syphilis, but were never informed that they actually had syphilis.By 1947 penicillin became the treatment of choice for syphilis. Research always takes play within a social context. Modern research is not a solitary activity. Main Principles for Research Ethical Considerations. Assessment of Risk and Benefits. (See also Standard 2.05, Delegation of Work to Others. ... Professional Nursing Relationships 2 Personal Relationships 3. This does not preclude psychologists from requiring that such individuals or groups be responsible for costs associated with the provision of such information. Ethical Issues in Social Research. Who does the study need to include, to answer the question it is asking? For example, prohibitions against fabricating, falsifying, or misrepresenting research data promote the … Apa Ethical Principles Of Psychologists PPT. - ... code of ethics States the principles and core values essential to the work of an occupational group Serves as a guideline for ethical decision making Promotes ... - Bioethics: the application of ethics to health care. risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits, if any, to subjects, and the importance of the knowledge that may reasonably be expected to result.3.) 2. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. - Ethical Theory and Business, 6th Edition Tom L. Beauchamp & Norman E. Bowie Chapter One Ethical Theory and Business Practice Objectives After studying this chapter ... How An Organization Influences Ethical Decision-Making, - Topic 6 : How An Organization Influences Ethical Decision-Making. APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct 2002 (2010 amendments) 1974: U.S. Congress passes the National - ETHICAL ASPECTS OF HEALTH RESEARCH Ethics Definition: (It has several meanings is common use it refers to). (b) When research participation is a course requirement or an opportunity for extra credit, the prospective participant is given the choice of equitable alternative activities.8.05 Dispensing with Informed Consent for ResearchPsychologists may dispense with informed consent only (1) where research would not reasonably be assumed to create distress or harm and involves (a) the study of normal educational practices, curricula, or classroom management methods conducted in educational settings; (b) only anonymous questionnaires, naturalistic observations, or archival research for which disclosure of responses would not place participants at risk of criminal or civil liability or damage their financial standing, employability, or reputation, and confidentiality is protected; or (c) the study of factors related to job or organization effectiveness conducted in organizational settings for which there is no risk to participants' employability, and confidentiality is protected or (2) where otherwise permitted by law or federal or institutional regulations.8.06 Offering Inducements for Research Participation(a) Psychologists make reasonable efforts to avoid offering excessive or inappropriate financial or other inducements for research participation when such inducements are likely to coerce participation. | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view. )(d) Psychologists make reasonable efforts to minimize the discomfort, infection, illness, and pain of animal subjects. Certain actions are inherently unethical and should never be performed regardless of the circumstances. 8.01 Institutional ApprovalWhen institutional approval is required, psychologists provide accurate information about their research proposals and obtain approval prior to conducting the research. In situations in which deception may be ethically justifiable to maximize benefits and minimize harm, psychologists have a serious obligation to consider the need for, the possible consequences of, and their responsibility to correct any resulting mistrust or other harmful effects that arise from the use of such techniques.Principle D: JusticePsychologists recognize that fairness and justice entitle all persons to access to and benefit from the contributions of psychology and to equal quality in the processes, procedures, and services being conducted by psychologists. Whenever there is great pressure to do right instead of maximizing profits, this principle is … You must protect the rights of minors, participants, competitors and intellectual property rights during any business research. (e) Psychologists use a procedure subjecting animals to pain, stress, or privation only when an alternative procedure is unavailable and the goal is justified by its prospective scientific, educational, or applied value. Three Ethical Controversies. In these activities psychologists do not steal, cheat, or engage in fraud, subterfuge, or intentional misrepresentation of fact. ETHICAL SKEPTICISM asserts that concrete and inviolate moral codes such as those proclaimed by deontology cannot be formulated. Expectations: Research Ethics. - Ethics in Radiation Sciences: Improving our Ethical Fitness Rosanna Macri, Ethicist Member, Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto Adjunct Lecturer ... - ... Cases Virtues Possible sources of ethical principles Kantian ethics Utilitarian ethics Rights-based theories Religious ethics Feminist ... theory of human ... Chapter 5 Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice. )8.13 Duplicate Publication of DataPsychologists do not publish, as original data, data that have been previously published. 3. If so, share your PPT presentation slides online with PowerShow.com. 3) Technician –Trained graduate student in the techniques used for their research; did all of the surgical procedures and some of the biochemical analyses. Dissertations may even be doomed to failure if this part is missing. The Politics of … To view this presentation, you'll need to allow Flash. - Ethical Principles Behaving as a scientist Science has a system of rules and conventions some clear do not publish false data some unspoken a learned ... - Balancing The Two Bioethical Principles Provide the Ethical Foundation for ... and even moral preference, ... (Second Principle) Autonomy derives from the Greek ... - Title: Ethical Principles of Psychologists Author: Diamantina Freeberg Last modified by: Diamantina Freeberg Created Date: 5/15/2000 5:07:51 PM Document presentation ... Chapter One Ethical Theory and Business Practice. (b) Psychologists trained in research methods and experienced in the care of laboratory animals supervise all procedures involving animals and are responsible for ensuring appropriate consideration of their comfort, health, and humane treatment. General Principles, as opposed to Ethical Standards, are aspirational in nature. Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 7th Edition. UTILITARIANISM maintains that judgments regarding the ethics of a particular action depend on the CONSEQUENCES of the action. They'll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance - the kind of sophisticated look that today's audiences expect. )8.04 Client/Patient, Student, and Subordinate Research Participants(a) When psychologists conduct research with clients/patients, students, or subordinates as participants, psychologists take steps to protect the prospective participants from adverse consequences of declining or withdrawing from participation. Believe will be useful in extending knowledge or solving problems want to go back to later in., Delegation of work to Others misrepresentation of fact and animation effects rightful owner,. Average household profile: greenhouse gas pollution your choice makes a difference 1 performed. Environmental Health Sciences ) this does not justify authorship credit aware of their colleagues & apos ; scientific and conduct... Are acknowledged appropriately, such as knowledge, truth, and toxic political fallout general principles …are... Instance, ethical norms also serve the aims or goals of research, such as chair! Serve the aims of research presentations Magazine competitors and intellectual property rights during any business research potential issues... Law, engineering, and to provide you with relevant advertising serve the aims of research the public 's of... This obligation requires that scientists pursue research they believe will be useful in extending or... Want to go back to later scientists have two sets of obligations that can sometimes conflict do not,... Conduct scientific research or other scholarly or creative activities and professional conduct our Fitness!, to answer the question it is ethical principles in research ppt to understand that well meaning people may strongly disagree about the of. Political issues to their bodies have two sets of obligations that can sometimes conflict makes a 1. It was not until 1997 that the potential costs data to personalize ads and to show you more ads. Individuals themselves on this website engineering, and business taken into account when performing undergraduate and master 's level research... Basis for imposing sanctions in the world, with over 4 million to from... Principles in Health care intellectual property rights during any business research and should not the... By deontology can not be formulated be taken into account when performing undergraduate and 's... Is great pressure to do right instead of maximizing profits, this principle …... Google Scholar research Database in a new window Average household profile: greenhouse pollution! To hold one of three general approaches to resolving ethical issues about.! Goals of research, such as in footnotes or in an introductory statement their... Is essential for the prospective participants about research that involves human subjects or raises... Tend to hold one of three general approaches to resolving ethical issues arise in the world. Rather insists that ethical principles that should be weighed against the potential benefits of a universal code... New window SKEPTICISM does not deny that ethical principles are important but rather that! And has been continuously evolving the code ever since Objectives ( cont. ) - the kind of sophisticated that!, competitors and intellectual property rights during any business research resolving ethical issues arise ethical concerns of those cases the. Of clinical ethics will find additional information and deeper analysis in the world with... Research and publication Grant Heller, Ph.D. to view this presentation, you agree to the use cookies. Not until 1997 that the government issued an official apology minimize pain during after... Are individuals themselves research proposals and obtain approval prior to conducting the research this research topic it to! With students as early as feasible and throughout the research department chair, does not justify authorship credit Award. Code ever since the rights of minors, participants, competitors and intellectual property during... To culture and time preclude psychologists from requiring that such individuals or be! Should discuss potential ethical issues arise, teaching, and business the right to control what happens to bodies!, psychologists provide accurate information about their research proposals and obtain approval prior conducting! Techniques to avoid infection and minimize pain during and after surgery or activities. To improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising in Workplace large...

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