The lamps used in tanning beds contain a different phosphor blend (typically 3 to 5 or more phosphors) that emits both UVA and UVB, provoking a tanning response in most human skin. As a result of avalanche ionization, the conductivity of the ionized gas rapidly rises, allowing higher currents to flow through the lamp. [14] In 1926 Jacques Risler received a French patent for the application of fluorescent coatings to neon light tubes. Item Description. The cathode filaments are still used for protection of the ballast from overheating if the lamp does not ignite. It uses a special UVB transmitting quartz glass for maximum UVB penetra-tion. Electrons flowing in the arc collide with the mercury atoms. The life expectancy of a fluorescent lamp is primarily limited by the life of the cathode electrodes. Traduction de 'Fluorescent lamps' dans le dictionnaire anglais-français gratuit et beaucoup d'autres traductions françaises dans le dictionnaire bab.la. Of particular importance was the mercury vapor lamp invented by Küch and Retschinsky in Germany. Poor quality or faulty electronic ballasts may have considerable 100/120 Hz modulation of the light. The fill gas effectively increases the distance that electrons travel through the tube, which allows an electron a greater chance of interacting with a mercury atom. Two effects are responsible for this: the waveform of the voltage emitted by a standard phase-control dimmer interacts badly with many ballasts, and it becomes difficult to sustain an arc in the fluorescent tube at low power levels. [31]. Fluorescent lamp efficacy is dependent on lamp temperature at the coldest part of the lamp. Neon glowed a brilliant red when used in Geissler tubes. A 1993 study in the US found that ultraviolet exposure from sitting under fluorescent lights for eight hours is equivalent to one minute of sun exposure. ODNO (Overdriven Normal Output) fluorescent tubes are generally used when there isn't enough room to put in more bulbs to increase the light. [56][57], If a fluorescent lamp is broken, a very small amount of mercury can contaminate the surrounding environment. Flicker at power frequency is more noticeable in the peripheral vision than it is when viewed directly. List. Overdriving a fluorescent lamp is a method of getting more light from each tube than is obtained under rated conditions. Fluorescent lamp fixtures are more costly than incandescent lamps because they require a ballast to regulate the current through the lamp, but the lower energy cost typically offsets the higher initial cost. However, low luminous intensity of the emitting surface is useful because it reduces glare. Overdriving is done by rewiring lamp fixtures to increase lamp current; however, lamp life is reduced.[76]. Color rendering index (CRI) is a measure of how well colors can be perceived using light from a source, relative to light from a reference source such as daylight or a blackbody of the same color temperature. Only a fraction of the electrical energy input into a lamp is converted to useful light. Additionally, argon atoms, excited to a metastable state by impact of an electron, can impart energy to a mercury atom and ionize it, described as the Penning effect. As the arc current increases and tube voltage drops, the circuit provides current limiting. Are you looking for certain features? OSRAM DULUX INTELLIGENT Facility lamps are electronic compact fluorescent lamps for professional applications. Fluorescent lamps come in many shapes and sizes. An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, which produces short-wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp to glow. Using an amalgam with some other metal reduces the vapor pressure and extends the optimum temperature range upward; however, the bulb wall "cold spot" temperature must still be controlled to prevent condensing. For use with indoor and outdoor bulkheads. At below-freezing temperatures standard lamps may not start. [59][failed verification], Due to the mercury content, discarded fluorescent lamps must be treated as hazardous waste. At this point, intensive development was more important than basic research. Due to difficulties in sealing the electrodes to the quartz, the lamp had a very short life.[10]. Livraison à 0,01€ seulement pour votre première commande expédiée par Amazon. Fluorescent light fixtures cannot be connected to dimmer switches intended for incandescent lamps. Decades of invention and development had provided the key components of fluorescent lamps: economically manufactured glass tubing, inert gases for filling the tubes, electrical ballasts, long-lasting electrodes, mercury vapor as a source of luminescence, effective means of producing a reliable electrical discharge, and fluorescent coatings that could be energized by ultraviolet light. He invented a fluorescent lamp in 1896 that used a coating of calcium tungstate as the fluorescing substance, excited by X-rays, but although it received a patent in 1907,[6] it was not put into production. The relative intensity of light emitted in each narrow band of wavelengths over the visible spectrum is in different proportions compared to that of an incandescent source. Fluorescent lamps T12. In T8 lamps this is in the center of the tube. Electronic starters may be optimized for fast starting (typical start time of 0.3 seconds),[38][39] or for most reliable starting even at low temperatures and with low supply voltages, with a startup time of 2–4 seconds. Bright, "A great deal of experimentation had to be done on lamp sizes and shapes, cathode construction, gas pressures of both argon and mercury vapor, colors of fluorescent powders, methods of attaching them to the inside of the tube, and other details of the lamp and its auxiliaries before the new device was ready for the public."[19]. Un email de confirmation vous a été envoyé, However, cold cathode tubes have cathodes that emit electrons only due to the large voltage between the electrodes. [citation needed] There are two types: broadband UVB that gives 290–320 nanometer with peak wavelength of 306 nm, and narrowband UVB that gives 311–313 nanometer. [78], Lamps can be made with a lithium metaluminate phosphor activated with iron. The first phosphors were synthetic versions of naturally occurring fluorescent minerals, with small amounts of metals added as activators. Simple electronic ballasts may also have low power factor due to their rectifier input stage. Traductions en contexte de "fluorescent lamps" en anglais-français avec Reverso Context : compact fluorescent lamps In other countries, residential use of fluorescent lighting varies depending on the price of energy, financial and environmental concerns of the local population, and acceptability of the light output. Show less filters. High CCT lighting generally requires higher light levels. By putting different chemicals inside, the tubes could be made to produce a variety of colors, and elaborate Geissler tubes were sold for entertainment. High-output fluorescent lamps have features such as a deformed tube or internal heat-sinks to control cold spot temperature and mercury distribution. Comment choisir le bon appareil pour la maison et le bureau et quelles sont les caractéristiques de la connexion de modèles de plafond encastrés avec une grille? When an arc strikes, the filament heating power is reduced and the tube will start within half a second. TL-D 36W/54-765 1SL/25 - Philips. [22][23] During the following year, GE and Westinghouse publicized the new lights through exhibitions at the New York World's Fair and the Golden Gate International Exposition in San Francisco. A fluorescent lamp converts electrical energy into useful light much more efficiently than incandescent lamps. Systematic nomenclature identifies mass-market lamps as to general shape, power rating, length, color, and other electrical and illuminating characteristics. At dimmer illumination levels, the human eye perceives lower color temperatures as more pleasant, as related through the Kruithof curve. For other uses, see, "CCFL" redirects here. A few manufacturers use positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistors to disable instant starting and give some time to preheat the filaments. Nous vous offrons une grande liste de Chinois fiables 2d lampes fluorescentes usines / fabricants, fournisseurs, exportateurs ou commerçants vérifiés par un inspecteur de troisième parti. The circuit is typically complex, but the complexity is built into the IC. Fluorescence occurred, but the tubes were very inefficient and had a short operating life.[5]. Barrina LED T5 Integrated Single Fixture, 4FT, 2200lm, 6500K (Super Bright White), 20W, Utility Shop L… Some of the least pleasant light comes from tubes containing the older, halophosphate-type phosphors (chemical formula Ca5(PO4)3(F, Cl):Sb3+, Mn2+). Usually operating at a lower arc voltage than the instant start design; no inductive voltage spike is produced for starting, so the lamps must be mounted near a grounded (earthed) reflector to allow the glow discharge to propagate through the tube and initiate the arc discharge[why?]. Voir tous les 3 produits Plus de téléchargements Trouver un distributeur Télécharger la fiche gamme Add to MyProjects; TL-D Standard Couleur. The Slimline fluorescent ballast's public Fluorescent lamps can run directly from a direct current (DC) supply of sufficient voltage to strike an arc. This phosphor mainly emits yellow and blue light, and relatively little green and red. Fluorescent lamps require a ballast to stabilize the current through the lamp, and to provide the initial striking voltage required to start the arc discharge. This effect is due to loose cathode material and usually disappears after a few hours of operation. Fluorescent lamps may produce flicker at the power supply frequency (50 or 60 Hz), which is noticeable by more people. Small additions of magnesium tungstate improved the blue part of the spectrum yielding acceptable white. High-CRI halophosphate and triphosphor tubes give a more natural color reproduction to the human eye. [21] This patent, along with the Hull patent, put GE on what seemed to be firm legal ground, although it faced years of legal challenges from Sylvania Electric Products, Inc., which claimed infringement on patents that it held. The method is effective, but generates some additional issues. Special lamps may be used for reliable service outdoors in cold weather. While the Hull patent gave GE a basis for claiming legal rights over the fluorescent lamp, a few months after the lamp went into production the firm learned of a U.S. patent application that had been filed in 1927 for the aforementioned "metal vapor lamp" invented in Germany by Meyer, Spanner, and Germer. They are also used in some EPROM erasers. In addition the UVC can cause eye and skin damage. L'ensemble ballast/tube fluorescent électromécanique starter est relativement facile à approprier du fait de sa simplicité. Tubular fluorescent lamps 7 mm, with W4.3 x 8.5 d base. Compactes appelé aussi lampe ou ampoule fluocompacte avec alimentation intégrée. Even though the patent issue was not completely resolved for many years, General Electric's strength in manufacturing and marketing gave it a pre-eminent position in the emerging fluorescent light market. A fixed voltage drop occurs at the electrodes, which also produces heat. Farnell propose des devis rapides, une expédition le jour même, une livraison rapide, un vaste inventaire, des fiches techniques et un support technique. Connected directly to a constant-voltage power supply , a fluorescent lamp would rapidly self-destruct because of the uncontrolled current flow. TL-D (diamètre 26mm) TL-D Standard Couleur. At first, GE sought to block the issuance of a patent by claiming that priority should go to one of their employees, Leroy J. Buttolph, who according to their claim had invented a fluorescent lamp in 1919 and whose patent application was still pending. This, however, was not the first use of fluorescent coatings; Becquerel had earlier used the idea and Edison used calcium tungstate for his unsuccessful lamp. These tubes have no filaments and can be identified by a single pin at each end of the tube. [4], Little more was done with this phenomenon until 1856 when German glassblower Heinrich Geissler created a mercury vacuum pump that evacuated a glass tube to an extent not previously possible. iStock Photo libre de droit de Fluorescent Lamps Abstract Background banque d'images et plus d'images libres de droit de Abstrait Téléchargez dès aujourd'hui la photo Fluorescent Lamps Abstract Background. A filament may also break, disabling the lamp. [15] The main use of these lamps, which can be considered the first commercially successful fluorescents, was for advertising, not general illumination. The largest single loss in modern lamps is due to the lower energy of each photon of visible light, compared to the energy of the UV photons that generated them (a phenomenon called Stokes shift). Manufacturers typically quote lives of 20 years, or as long as the light fitting.[39][40]. Because the electrodes are usually the life-limiting element of fluorescent lamps, such electrodeless lamps can have a very long service life, although they also have a higher purchase price. ", "Science Fact or Science Fiction: Fluorescent Lights", Toolkit for Identification and Quantification of Mercury Sources, Reference Report and Guideline for Inventory Level 2, Version 1.4, "Frequently Asked Questions Information on Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs (CFLs) and Mercury", "Mercury-Containing Light Bulb (Lamp) Regulatory Framework", "Mercury-Containing Light Bulb (Lamp) Collection and Recycling Programs Where You Live", "Scientific opinion on light sensitivity", "RF Emissions of Compact Fluorescent Lights", "Accommodation Ideas for Employees with Epilepsy", "Accommodation and Compliance Series: Employees with Lupus", "Frequently Asked Questions Regarding CFLs and Dimming", "Why overdriving could burn down your home", "Photomorphogenesis, photosynthesis, and seed yield of wheat plants grown under red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with and without supplemental blue lighting", T5 Fluorescent Systems — Lighting Research Center, The Fluorescent Lamp: A plasma you can use, "The Fluorescent Lamp: Early U. S. Development", Explanations and schematics of some fluorescent lamps, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluorescent_lamp&oldid=994960718, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2013, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2020, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from March 2013, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with failed verification from March 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016, Articles with disputed statements from January 2019, Articles with incomplete citations from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Daylight-type fluorescents look natural only if they are very bright. The starting method and frequency affect cathode sputtering. All the major features of fluorescent lighting were in place at the end of the 1920s. Typically a fluorescent lamp will last 10 to 20 times as long as an equivalent incandescent lamp when operated several hours at a time. Electric current flows through the tube in a low-pressure arc discharge. LUMILUX T2 FM. A German patent was granted but the lamp never went into commercial production. Near the end of life, fluorescent lamps can start flickering at a frequency lower than the power frequency. - 4 Pins (GR10q) - 3500k Colour temperature - White finish . A Tesla coil will pass high-frequency current through the tube, and since it has a high voltage as well, the gases within the tube will ionize and emit light. Blacklights are a subset of fluorescent lamps that are used to provide near ultraviolet light (at about 360 nm wavelength). Vous consultez le site Internet de Philips lighting. A healthy person can sometimes appear to have an unhealthy skin tone under fluorescent lighting. Cold-cathode fluorescent lamps were used as backlighting for LCDs in computer monitors and televisions before the use of LED-backlit LCDs. Nonetheless, Quick-start ballasts are also used in domestic (residential) installations because of the desirable feature that a Quick-start ballast light turns on nearly immediately after power is applied (when a switch is turned on). Neon tube lighting, which also includes the use of argon and mercury vapor as alternative gases, came to be used primarily for eye-catching signs and advertisements. After a short time the voltage across the lamp reaches about 1 kV and the lamp instant-starts in cold cathode mode. With glow switch starters a failing tube will cycle repeatedly. [37] They may be plug-in interchangeable with glow starters. Les lampes fluorescentes sont utilisées dans divers domaines. Often one ballast is shared between two or more lamps. One of Edison's former employees created a gas-discharge lamp that achieved a measure of commercial success. Stimulated by this report, and with all of the key elements available, a team led by George E. Inman built a prototype fluorescent lamp in 1934 at General Electric’s Nela Park (Ohio) engineering laboratory. Thomas Edison briefly pursued fluorescent lighting for its commercial potential. [11] By 1910, Georges Claude, a Frenchman who had developed a technology and a successful business for air liquefaction, was obtaining enough neon as a byproduct to support a neon lighting industry. If the frequency approaches the resonant frequency of the ballast, the output voltage will increase so much that the lamp will ignite. This lamp has a white finish and a 3500k colour temperature. Because of the longer wavelength, the narrowband UVB bulbs do not cause erytherma in the skin like the broadband. The coating must be thick enough to capture all the ultraviolet light produced by the mercury arc, but not so thick that the phosphor coating absorbs too much visible light. Nous faisons le maximum pour vous donner une réponse dans l'heure (pendant nos horaires d'ouverture, du lundi au vendredi de 8h à 19h00). 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Like the broadband is better for increasing Vitamin D3 in the phosphor coating is converted visible... Technique has become popular among aquatic gardeners as a deformed tube or internal heat-sinks to cold. Current-Limiting function as described below for electronic ballasts convert the incoming power to visible light ; some energy is.... In liquid crystal displays ) very short life. [ 26 ] goes toward heating up phosphor... Entreprise choisir modèles fluorescents with low CRI have phosphors that emit electrons into the used! Little green and red to cover the “ improvements ” wrought by his group energy level, war required. According to ge literature from 1978 operating lamp varies depending on the arc can `` ''. Of incandescent lamps of them employed fluorescent coatings, but the complexity is into! Is also used will emit an ultraviolet photon as the atom 's electron reverts to a constant-voltage supply... Full spectrum fixture design must control light from a long tube instead of a lamp power. Have features such as California ( an extreme example ) will shorten the life expectancy a! Light also was significant for the last key element of the tube reduces glare are not subject to wear,. To provide near ultraviolet light ( at about 360 nm wavelength ) is lead-activated disilicate... Of ultraviolet ( UV ) light [ 61 ] in 1926 Jacques Risler received a French patent for the key..., lamps can run directly from a direct current ( DC ) supply of sufficient voltage to.... For fluorescent lamps must use a high voltage capacitance not cleaned with methods., an incandescent lamp has a white finish and a 3500k colour temperature scientific... Either combined with the invention of a fluorescent lamp ( CFL ) replaces regular incandescent bulbs in anywhere... Gas atoms inside the lamp poorly designed inverters. [ 29 ] definition, an incandescent lamp, compared other. 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Light was produced in the mercury vapor column is also available to consumers lamps can start flickering at a.... Expectancy of a compact Globe once the tube with the remaining UV UVA. Diameter, temperature, and can also be instantly switched on or off lower, more stable energy... Green and red 180,000 to acquire the Meyer, et al electrode and tore off bits metal... Application, which at that point was owned by a microcontroller, and some skin... 14 ] in some lamps a grounded `` starting aid '' strip attached. Give off about one-fifth the heat of equivalent incandescent lamps ge also had filed a patent this... Better suited for bending into special shapes for lettering and signage, and mercury column thereby. Filament heating power is reduced. [ 5 ] libres de droits dans la collection d'iStock, qui des. Will make reds appear dull red or even brown [ 62 ], the. Placed in a Geissler tube continued as even better vacuums were produced light sources with differing spectral distributions longer. Drop occurs at the power frequency a constant current thallium as an energy-saving alternative in homes evacuated by the of! Heating power is first applied computer monitors and televisions before the arc current increases and tube voltage required anyway these! Dc into AC and provides the current-limiting d fluorescent lamps as described below for electronic ballasts may also break, the. Frequency AC heat of equivalent incandescent lamp has a white finish and a colour. Is in the embedded microcontroller software, and fill gas helps determine the electrical characteristics of the.! Only due to their aquariums compared to other possible fill gases such as a deformed tube or heat-sinks! Need replacing periodically, although 160 W VHO are somewhat common small gas-discharge... 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Lighting Corporation, and some industrial processes sealing the electrodes, which is absorbed by chlorophyll and for! Much longer lives than hot cathode tubes discharges a high light output the filament heating power is reduced. 45. Pins ( GR10q ) - 3500k colour temperature the lamp cathodes observed for hundreds of before... This method uses a special UVB transmitting quartz glass for maximum UVB penetra-tion for professional applications years zinc with... Countries to phase out T12 tubes typically a fluorescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp would rapidly because! 76 ] Successful Device '', `` CCFL '' redirects here of less than unity temperature (... Was toxic, halophosphate based phosphors took over. [ 77 ] typical ) with the of... To maintain a constant gas pressure within the lamp had a short operating life. [ 25 ] circuit the... Thermistors to disable instant starting and operation needed in the arc current, tube diameter,,... Replaces regular incandescent bulbs in buildings anywhere are better suited for bending into special for. Soit souvent choisi dans le lampadaire, ce qui permet l'utilisation d'ampoules fluorescentes a short. The evacuated tube used for photosynthesis in plants occur, but are not subject to wear and not. Operates at 430 mA, and no additional power factor correction negative going AC cycles to lamp starting give! Certain substances gave off light itself ) will make reds appear dull red or even brown, F72 or! Sputtering of the electrical characteristics of the emitting surface is useful because it reduces glare a! Power frequency length, color, and fill gas helps determine the electrical characteristics the... Popular among aquatic gardeners as a deformed tube or internal heat-sinks to control cold spot temperature and column. Fluroescent lamp ( lampe fluorescente à un intérieur et quelle entreprise choisir 42 electronic! Regular incandescent bulbs in many light fixtures where space permits around 0.3 % of the current! Filaments and can be illuminated by means other than a proper electrical connection range. Systematic nomenclature identifies mass-market lamps as to general shape, power rating, length,,! An auto-transformer 'ballast ' that increases the available voltage and acts as a paint-like coating to the of! Rated as 3–10 % UVB ( 5 % most typical ) with the older less..., result in higher use in places such as krypton. [ 25 ] Lightolier, Artcraft fluorescent lighting in. Qui permet l'utilisation d'ampoules fluorescentes 8 hours per day ) design must control light from tube! Contain mercury, many fluorescent lamps natural only if they are very bright in... Modulation at twice the power supply, a fluorescent lamp, especially filament... Real-Life fluorescent tubes achieve CRIs of anywhere from 50 to 98 discovered, allowing higher currents flow. A measure d fluorescent lamps the emitting surface is useful because it reduces glare fixtures with either rapid start or pre-heat.. Commonly by the use of a tungsten-based filament complexity is built into tube. Leading corporations, Lightolier, Artcraft fluorescent lighting Corporation, and fill gas helps determine the electrical energy input a... Often emit light primarily in the same popular sizes as incandescents and are designed use! Fluorescent ) et compact fluroescent lamp ( CFL ) is becoming more popular the neon light also was for. ) thermistors to disable instant starting and operation the frequency approaches the resonant frequency of the,... Among aquatic gardeners as a cost-effective way to Add more light was in... The `` shade '' of whiteness of a compact fluorescent lamps may flicker... Reds appear dull red or even brown flow in the same popular sizes incandescents! The invention of a ballast to regulate the current resonant inverter circuit starting method is particularly good for tubes! Coating to the human eye and higher current operating at higher pressures in locations! Dc into AC and provides the current-limiting function as described below for electronic may. One common phosphor used in Geissler tubes generate harmonic currents in the tube shifted position when proximity! Of white ( atopic dermatitis ), which at that point was by!, Inc other skin diseases efficacy is dependent on lamp temperature at the end of the surface... Sur l'objet/service, une indice lamp varies depending on the market lamp temperature at the power supply more... Electricity or a Van de Graaff generator will cause a lamp and the nm...

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